Metabolic engineering approach

Nevertheless, for the production of the flavour-active aromatic alcohol derivatives, such as the corresponding aldehydes and acids, metabolic engineering approaches have to compete with conventional oxidative biocatalysis starting from the natural alcohol as a substrate. For instance, the whole-cell oxidation system based on Pichia pastor is AOX already described in Sect. 23.4.1.2 can also be used to convert benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in aqueous media although product inhibition restricted the final product concentration to about 5 g L h indicating the need for aqueous-organic two-phase reaction media [51]. Phenylacetalde-... 

A metabolic engineering approach has now provided direct evidence for the role of salicylic acid in systemic acquired resistance. Transgenic tobacco plants were produced expressing the "nah G" gene from Pseudomonas putida, which encodes a salicylate hydroxylase that converts salicylic acid... 

ACV synthetase presents a suitable model system to analyze structure-function relations in NRPS systems [89], Here we have focused on the current state of understanding and interpretation of structure-function relations of ACV synthetases. These aspects are of importance for the future development of nonribo-somal peptide-forming systems, especially in filamentous fungal hosts. Other major aspects of process analysis and metabolic engineering approaches to improve the yield of antibiotic fermentations have not been discussed. These process aspects include the following four approaches. 

METABOLIC ENGINEERING APPROACHES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF BACTERIAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BASED ON ESCHERICHIA COLI MIXED ACID FERMENTATION... 

Metabolic Engineering Approaches for the Improvement of Bacterial Hydrogen Production. .. 

Sode, K., Watanabe, M., Makimoto, H. and Tomiyama, M. (1998). Effect of hydrogenase 3 over-expression and disruption of nitrate reductase on fermentative hydrogen production in Escherichia coli, A metabolic engineering approach. Biohydrogen, O.R.Zaborsky Ed., Plenum Press 73-79. 

Polyketide natmal products are a rich source of bioactive substances that have found considerable use in hrnnan health and agriculture. Their complex structures require that they be produced via fermentation processes. This review describes the strategies and challenges used to develop practical fermentation strains and processes for polyketide production. Classical strain improvement procedmes, process development methods, and metabolic engineering approaches are described. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms that imderlie polyketide biosynthesis has played an important role in each of these areas over the past few years. 

Data refer to classical producers and/or producers obtained by metabolic engineering approaches. 

Different metabolic engineering approaches have been developed for improving production yields or for structural engineering of EPS produced by LAB [66]. However, to date, only a modest increase in EPS production has been achieved [55]. 

Synthetic biology aids metabolic engineering approaches and lifts the technology to a new level [25]. New biological parts generate new possibilities and many of them are tested in baker s yeast as common host. For example, cell-surface display of functional proteins opens an entirely new universe to engineer efficient cell factories. Tanaka and Kondo report about the combination of metabolic engineering... 

Also, the isolation of key enzymes of the biosynthetic pathway allows the application of metabolic engineering approaches in order to improved alkaloids production. 

Table 8.1 Overview of relevant metabolic engineering approaches resniting in the design of new strains with improved properties (for further explanation, see text)... 

Celinska E. (2012). Klebsiella spp as a 1,3-propanediol producer—the metabolic engineering approach. Grit Rev Biotechnol, 32, 274—288. 

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