Metabolic engineering improvement approaches

ACV synthetase presents a suitable model system to analyze structure-function relations in NRPS systems [89], Here we have focused on the current state of understanding and interpretation of structure-function relations of ACV synthetases. These aspects are of importance for the future development of nonribo-somal peptide-forming systems, especially in filamentous fungal hosts. Other major aspects of process analysis and metabolic engineering approaches to improve the yield of antibiotic fermentations have not been discussed. These process aspects include the following four approaches. 

Of course, beyond these two basic approaches, significant metabolic engineering may also be required to stabilize improved strains or to enable such strains to achieve high ethanol yields and fermentation productivities. 

METABOLIC ENGINEERING APPROACHES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF BACTERIAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BASED ON ESCHERICHIA COLI MIXED ACID FERMENTATION... 

Metabolic Engineering Approaches for the Improvement of Bacterial Hydrogen Production. .. 

Polyketide natmal products are a rich source of bioactive substances that have found considerable use in hrnnan health and agriculture. Their complex structures require that they be produced via fermentation processes. This review describes the strategies and challenges used to develop practical fermentation strains and processes for polyketide production. Classical strain improvement procedmes, process development methods, and metabolic engineering approaches are described. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms that imderlie polyketide biosynthesis has played an important role in each of these areas over the past few years. 

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