Metabolic byproducts

Hormones and other endocrine disrupting compounds Illicit drugs and their human metabolic byproducts Organometallics... 

The consumption indicator is the metabolic byproduct excreted at the highest rate. It may be a metabolite, as it is the case for cocaine (BE) and heroin (MOR), or the drug itself, as it is the case of amphetamine-like compounds. THC, the most psychoactive cannabinoid of the cannabis herb, is highly metabolized before excretion, thus, the consumption indicator selected (THC-COOH) presents an excretion rate of 0.6%. Despite the fact that OH-THC presents a slightly higher excretion rate (2%), this analyte was not selected to back calculate cannabis use due... 

Postigo C, Lopez de Alda MJ, Barcelo D (2008) Analysis of drugs of abuse and their human metabolic byproducts in water by LC-MS/MS a non-intrusive tool for drug abuse estimation at the community level. Trends Anal Chem 27 1053-1069... 

Significance of blowdown value questionable due to high detection limit, low values observed in the carbon column effluent (treatment influent), and the fact that compound is not a metabolic byproduct of activated sludge treatment. 

Organic acids produced by the organisms can cause a drop in the pH of a formulation, resulting in physical instability. These same organic acids, along with other metabolic byproducts of the microorganisms, can also impart unwanted odours and colours which alter the appearance and absorption of the paint. Incorporation of a preservative is recommended to prevent these problems from occurring. 

The a-keto adds and their metabolic byproducts are excreted in urine, and these compounds cause the characteristic sweet, "maple syrup"aroma. 

Product Concentration As cells grow they produce metabolic byproducts which can accumulate in the medium. The growth of microorganisms is usually inhibited by these products, whose effect can be added to the Monod equation as follows ... 

Finally, the discovery of a CNS receptor that is specific for benzodiazepines has led to some interesting speculation as to the possible existence of some type of endogenous sedative-like agent. The presence of a certain type of receptor to indicate that the body produces an appropriate agonist for that receptor makes sense. For instance, the discovery of opiate receptors initiated the search for endogenous opiate-like substances, which culminated in the discovery of the enkephalins. It has been surmised that certain endogenous steroids such as allopregnanolone (a metabolic byproduct of... 

It is important to control culture parameters to insure consistency of glycosylation of a recombinant protein in a culture bioprocess. However, this may not be so easy given that the extent of glycosylation may decrease over time in a batch culture (Curling et al., 1990). This is likely to be due to the continuous depletion of nutrients (particularly glucose or glutamine) and accumulation of metabolic byproducts, which have been shown... 

Even before the anthrax attack in 2001, a variety of detection systems had been developed for potential bioterror agents. A systematic review published in January 2004 identified publicly available articles on 55 such systems (Bravata et al., 2004). Various technologies were represented, including biomass indicators and identification systems targeting toxins, metabolic byproducts, antigens or DNA for selected agents. A key point made by the authors was that only eight of the published articles included evaluation data, and they identified system evaluation as an important area for further research. 

Isovaleric acid (3-methyl butanoic acid) was found to be the dominant odorant in the "high Brett" wine as detected by CharmAnalysis. The odor described by the GCO sniffer was rancid the chemical identity of the odorant was confirmed by GC-MS. This acid is produced in wine by yeast as a metabolic byproduct of protein (99). Volatile phenolic compounds, such as 4-ethyl guaiacol, guaiacol, and 4-ethyl phenol, were also among the dominate odor active compounds in this wine however, the individual contribution by each of the three phenolics was half or less than the odor activity of isovaleric acid. 

The characteristic parameter for product formation is the specific product formation rate, q. Equations 4.2.31-4.2.34 and the methods of analysis introduced for metabolic byproducts also apply to secreted protein products. 

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