Mercury historical

The most common toxic metals in industrial use are cadmium, chromium, lead, silver, and mercury less commonly used are arsenic, selenium (both metalloids), and barium. Cadmium, a metal commonly used in alloys and myriads of other industrial uses, is fairly mobile in the environment and is responsible for many maladies including renal failure and a degenerative bone disease called "ITA ITA" disease. Chromium, most often found in plating wastes, is also environmentally mobile and is most toxic in the Cr valence state. Lead has been historically used as a component of an antiknock compound in gasoline and, along with chromium (as lead chromate), in paint and pigments. 

Dahl, P. F. (1992). SupercondiicCiviry Its Historical Roots Slid Development from Mercury to the Cersniic Oxides. New York American Institute of Physics. 

The term polarography basically refers to a method, where the current flowing across the electrochemical interface is recorded as a function of the applied electrode potential, historically in most cases a mercury electrode is involved. Thus polarography might be called also voltammetry. This sometimes results in confusing terms like e.g. AC voltammetry, which is obviously equivalent to AC polarography (see following entry). (Data obtained with this method are labelled DCP.)... 

Alpers CN, Hunerlach MP, May JT, Hothem RL (2005) Mercury contamination from historical gold mining in California. United States Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2005-3014, Sacramento, California. 

Lockhart WL, Wilkinson P, BiUeck BN, Hunt RV, Wagemann R, Brunskill GJ. 1995. Current and historical inputs of mercury to high-latitude lakes in Canada and to Hudson Bay. Water, Air Soil Pollut 80(1 ) 603-610. 

Lorey P, Driscoll CT. 1999. Historical trends of mercury deposition in Adirondack lakes. Environ Sci Technol 33 718-722. 

EPRI] Electric Power Research Institute. 1996. Protocol for estimating historic atmospheric mercury deposition EPRI/TR-106768. 

Kanunan NC, Engstrom DR. 2002. Historical and present fluxes of mercury to Vermont and New Hampshire lakes inferred from Pb dated sediment cores. Atmos Environ 36 1599-1609. 

Historical data on the indicator. Existing information on the statistical variation, bias, and other interpretational attributes of potential biological indicators should be examined and considered in the design of a sampling program for assessing trends in mercury bioaccumulation. 

Frederick PC, Hylton B, Heath JA, Spalding MG. 2004. A historical record of mercury contamination in southern Florida (USA) as inferred from avian feather tissue. Environ Toxicol Chem 23 1474-1478. 

Newman J, ZUhoux E, Rich E, Liang L, Newman C. 2004. Historical and other patterns of monomethyl and inorganic mercury in the Florida panther Puma concolor cotyi). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 48 75-80. 

Thompson DR, Furness RW, Walsh PM. 1992. Historical changes in mercury concentrations in the marine ecosystem of the north and northeast Atlantic Ocean as indicated by seabird feathers. J Appl Ecol 29 79-84. 

Navarro A, Quiros L, Casado M, Faria M, Carrasco L, Benejam L, Benito J, Diez S, Raldua D, Barata C, Bayona JM, Pina B (2009) Physiological responses to mercury in feral carp populations inhabiting the low Ebro River (NE Spain), a historically contaminated site. Aquat Toxicol 93 150-157... 

A second risk zone corresponds to Monzon (17,042 inhabitants), a highly industrialized city in the middle Cinca River. Its industrial activity has caused the historical release of organic and inorganic compounds to the river coming from chlor-alkali industry, from production and utilization of solvents and organochlo-rine pesticides, and from the use of brominated flame retardants in the production processes. Very high concentrations of mercury have been recorded for sediment and fish samples in the downstream of Monzon [2-4]. 

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