Mercuric salt mercury

Merkuri-jodid, n. mer curic iodide, mercury (II) iodide, -nitrat, n. mercuric nitrate, mercury-(II) nitrate. -oxyd, n. mercuric oxide, mercury (II) oxide, -rhodanid, n. mercuric thiocyanate, mercury(II) thiocyanate, -salz, n. mercuric salt, mercury (II) salt, -sulfati n. mercuric sulfate, mercury (II) sulfate, -sulfidt ti. mercuric sulfide, mercury (II) sulfide. -sulfozyamd, n. mercuric thiocyanate. 

Merkuro-. mercurous, mercury (I), -azetat, n. mercurous acetate. mercury(I) acetate, -chlorld, n. mercurous chloride, mercury(I) choride. -chrom, n. (Pharm.) mercuro chrome, -jodid, n. n ercurous iodide, mer-cury(I) iodide. -nitrat, n. mercurous nitrate, mercury(I) nitrste. -oxyd, n. mercurous oxide, mercury(I) oxide, -salz, n. mercurous salt, mercury (I) salt, -sulfat, n. mercurouasulfate, mercury(I) sulfate, -sulfid, n. mercurous sulfide, mercury(I) sulfide, -verbindung, /. mercurous compound, mercury (I) compound. 

At ordinary temperatures, mercury is stable and does not react with air, ammonia (qv), carbon dioxide (qv), nitrous oxide, or oxygen (qv). It combines readily with the halogens and sulfur, but is Htde affected by hydrochloric acid, and is attacked only by concentrated sulfuric acid. Both dilute and concentrated nitric acid dissolve mercury, forming mercurous salts when the mercury is in excess or no heat is used, and mercuric salts when excess acid is present or heat is used. Mercury reacts with hydrogen sulfide in the air and thus should always be covered. 

Another method of preparing mercuric acetate is the oxidation of mercury metal using peracetic acid dissolved in acetic acid. Careful control of the temperature is extremely important because the reaction is quite exothermic. A preferred procedure is the addition of approximately half to two-thirds of the required total of peracetic acid solution to a dispersion of mercury metal in acetic acid to obtain the mercurous salt, followed by addition of the remainder of the peracetic acid to form the mercuric salt. The exothermic reaction is carried to completion by heating slowly and cautiously to reflux. This also serves to decompose excess peracid. It is possible and perhaps more economical to use 50% hydrogen peroxide instead of peracetic acid, but the reaction does not go quite as smoothly. 

Mercurous Nitrate. Mercurous nitrate [10415-75-5] Hg2N20 or Hg2(N02)2, is a white monoclinic crystalline compound that is not very soluble in water but hydrolyzes to form a basic, yellow hydrate. This material is, however, soluble in cold, dilute nitric acid, and a solution is used as starting material for other water-insoluble mercurous salts. Mercurous nitrate is difficult to obtain in the pure state directly because some mercuric nitrate formation is almost unavoidable. When mercury is dissolved in hot dilute nitric acid, technical mercurous nitrate crystallizes on cooling. The use of excess mercury is helpful in reducing mercuric content, but an additional separation step is necessary. More concentrated nitric acid solutions should be avoided because these oxidize the mercurous to mercuric salt. Reagent-grade material is obtained by recrystaUization from dilute nitric acid in the presence of excess mercury. 

Yellow mercuric oxide may be obtained by precipitation from solutions of practically any water-soluble mercuric salt through the addition of alkah. The most economical are mercuric chloride or nitrate. Although yellow HgO has some medicinal value in ointments and other such preparations, the primary use is as a raw material for other mercury compounds, eg, Millon s ha.se[12529-66-7], Hg2NOH, which is formed by the reaction of aqueous ammonia and yellow mercuric oxide. 

Since 17a-ethynyl-17 -hydroxy steroids are so readily prepared, they represent attractive starting materials for conversion to 20-ketopregnanes. Standard methods for the hydration of aliphatic acetylenes (e.g, mercuric salts alone, with aniline, or with BF3) give variable results, and sometimes no product at all, due to D-homo rearrangement. 233,235,265-7 mercury... 

Quick-erz, n. mercury ore. -gold, n. gold amalgam. -metall, n, amalgamated metal. -mUhle, /. amalgamating mill, -wasser, n. Plating) quickening liquid (solution of a mercuric salt). 

Mercury as Masking Agent. Mercuric salts such as HgCl2 were frequently added to wet NC to... 

Triple bonds can give enol esters or acylals when treated with carboxylic acids. Mercuric salts are usually catalysts, and vinylic mercury compounds... 

Studies are restricted to syntheses of Group 2B - organometallics and mainly to mercurials. Early studies of reactions of mercuric salts with furan- and thiophencarboxylic acids or their salts have been thoroughly reviewed (7-4). More recently several tetrafluoropyridyl derivatives have been prepared by decarboxylation [Eqs. (78) (87), (79) (88), or (80),... 

Syntheses are limited to mercuric salts of weak acids (2,110). Generally, increasing the length of the straight alkyl chain decreases the extent of decarboxylation (e.g., Ref. 133). Electron-withdrawing substituents suppress decarboxylation. For example, mercurials are not formed with Me02C, Cl, and Me(CH2)nO substituents on the a carbon (137,148,149), but some decarboxylation occurs with these on the j8 carbon (135-137). Chain decarboxylation predominated in reactions in benzene, butyric acid [R = Me(CH2)2] (150), or acetic acid (R = Me) (124). The chain reaction was also observed for R = Me(CH2)2 in the absence of solvent and in ethylacetate or heptane solution, but in these media the radical displacement reaction was dominant (2,150). When benzene was used as solvent... 

Mercuric chloride has been a popular antiseptic and disinfectant. The handling of mercuric salts in the chemical industry, however, may result in exposure to aerosols of inorganic mercury. 

Mercuric salts weakly penetrate the placenta barrier however, they can accumulate in placenta [26-29], foetal membranes and amniotic fluid [30], In mice, mercuric chloride (1.5 mg per kg) injected on day 14 of gestation resulted in 0.14% of the injected mercury being transferred to foetal tissues 4 days later [27],... 

Methylation of divalent inorganic mercury salt has been shown in vivo in rat intestine [61] and in vitro in human intestine [62], yet it is seldom followed by toxic effects. MeHg has been found in hen tissues [63 ] and probably in rat brain [64] after ingestion of divalent mercuric salts. 

The mercuric salt of nitromethane decomposes directly into mercury fulminate and water (Nef). 

Addition of electrophilic mercury(II) salts to carbon-carbon double bonds in nucleophilic solvents (i.e. oxymercuration, solvomercuration etc.) is a well documented methodology in organic synthesis146. In these reactions a mercuric salt, usually the chloride or... 

In the oxidation of hydroxylamine by silver salts and mercurous salts, the nature of the reaction product apparently depends upon the extent to which catalysis participates in the total reaction. This is illustrated by some results obtained with mercurous nitrate as oxidizing agent. The reaction is strongly catalyzed by colloidal silver, and is likewise catalyzed by mercury. The reaction of 0.005 M mercurous nitrate with 0.04 M hydroxylamine at pH 4.85 proceeds rapidly without induction period. The mercury formed collects at the bottom of the vessel in the form of globules when no protective colloid is present, so the surface available for catalysis is small. Under these conditions the yield is largely nitrous oxide. Addition of colloidal silver accelerates the reaction and increases the yield of nitrogen. Some data are given in Table III. 

Mercury chloride is obtained as a white precipitate by adding a cold acidic solution of sodium chloride or other soluble chloride to a solution of mercurous salt, such as mercury nitrate ... 

Warburg on the other hand used the theory of the concentration cell to relate the thermodynamic potential fx, of the mercurous salt, measured in ergs per grm. equivalent with V, the excess of the electric potential of the mercury over that of the dilute acid con-. taining the salt, expressed in volts thus ... 

Whether the diminution in mercurous salt concentration of a solution in contact with an expanding mercury surface be regarded as due to the adsorption of the salt on the newly formed surface as imagined by Gibbs and Warburg or as due to the transference of mercurous ions from the aqueous to the metallic phase as postulated by Lippmann and Nemst, we have seen that the number of grm. equivalents removed from the solution per unit increase in 1... 

Mercon is a patented liquid mercury vapor suppressant designed to stop and absorb mercury vapors. The chemical process used creates a mercuric salt or sulfide. The reagents react with the metal and absorb any ambient vapor. Mercon products have the ability to stop and absorb any methylation of mercury in water. 

There is always a considerable amount of inorganic mercury left in the filtrate, which gives very little more of the tolylmercuric chloride when treated with more of the sulfinate. This may be present largely in the form of the mercuric salt of />-toluenesulfonic acid produced by the oxidation of some of the sulfinic acid liberated in a side-reaction. 

Several mercurous salts absorb ammonia in the dry state or react with ammonia in aqueous solution. The products formed have been described from time to time as ammino-mercurous compounds. It appears, however, that these supposed mercuro-ammines are nonexistent, and that the substances produced by the action of ammonia are really mercuric derivatives mixed with mercury. For instance, mercurous fluoride in the dry state is blackened by ammonia gas, forming a compound HgF(NH3). This substance gives off ammonia at 100° C. and is black in colour the colour is now regarded as being due to finely divided mercury, and the compound as a derivative of mercuric fluoride and not of mercurous fluoride. Numerous instances of the same kind may be quoted. For example, mercurous chloride with aqueous ammonia yields a black compound this again has been proved to be a mixture of finely divided mercury and mercuric chloroamidc. The reaction may be represented thus ... 

Nef [7] showed that the mercuric salt of nitromethane (obtained by the action of HgCl2 on the sodium salt of nitromethane) decomposes when boiled with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce mercury fulminate. In all probability the following reaction takes place ... 

Mercury fulminate crystallizes from water as a yellow coloured product containing H20 (Shishkov [19]). It was believed at first that the yellow colour is due to the presence of mercuric oxide resulting from the hydrolysis of the fulminate. It is now considered that this colour should be ascribed to the formation of products not fully defined and partly to the mercuric salts of metafulminuricacid (p. 134).Furthermore on boiling in water, the hydrolysis of mercury fulminate may be fairly extensive. 

Aqueous solutions of organic acids such as formic, acetic, and oxalic, decompose mercury fulminate, forming the corresponding mercuric salts. On the other hand, the action of dilute inorganic acids involves decomposition with formation of C02. 

Instead of making a direct volumetric determination of the hydrosulphite it is possible to modify the process by estimating volumetrically the product of a primary reaction. For example the hydrosulphite solution may be submitted to atmospheric oxidation and the resulting acidity determined with standard alkali,2 or a mercuric salt may be reduced, the mercury produced being estimated subsequently by the addition of standard iodine solution and titration of the excess of iodine one molecule of hydrosulphite is equivalent to an atom of mercury and therefore to two atoms of iodine.4 Similarly, instead of the gravimetric estimation of silver as described above, the latter may be redissolved in nitric acid and determined volumetrically.5... 

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