Merck support

It also means preparing the market for change. Chemical innovations and new products manufactured from them will succeed only if they are widely accepted. Merck supports educational programs which seek to develop interesting, well thought-out scientific instruction in schools. 

We thank the Baron, J. T. Baker, Camag, Desaga, Macherey-Nagel and E. Merck companies for their generous support of the experimental work. 

The diazo function in compound 4 can be regarded as a latent carbene. Transition metal catalyzed decomposition of a diazo keto ester, such as 4, could conceivably lead to the formation of an electron-deficient carbene (see intermediate 3) which could then insert into the proximal N-H bond. If successful, this attractive transition metal induced ring closure would accomplish the formation of the targeted carbapenem bicyclic nucleus. Support for this idea came from a model study12 in which the Merck group found that rhodi-um(n) acetate is particularly well suited as a catalyst for the carbe-noid-mediated cyclization of a diazo azetidinone closely related to 4. Indeed, when a solution of intermediate 4 in either benzene or toluene is heated to 80 °C in the presence of a catalytic amount of rhodium(n) acetate (substrate catalyst, ca. 1000 1), the processes... 

There are many products based on these life sciences standards, such as the aforementioned gene expression standard that is used in Rosetta Merck s Resolver product and the European Bioinformatics Institute s (EBI) Array-Express database. The LECIS (Laboratory Equipment Control Interface Specification) standard is used by Creon as part of their Q-DIS data standard support (note that one of the authors was the finalization task force chairperson for this standard). 

It is worth mentioning that both the carboxylation of epoxides and anilines are acid-base reactions, which do not entail redox processes. Therefore a catalyst active in these reactions must provide acid-base functionality. In this perspective, positively charged gold could be the real player, although a co-catalytic or promotion effect of ze-rovalent gold could also be important. Therefore the catalysts for the oxidative carbonylation of aniline, supported on Merck Ion-exchanger IV, could be actually bifunctional. On one side, Au could catalyze the oxidation of CO with O2 to CO2, a reaction for which it is... 

This project was initiated by JM and NH and continued by KH, and AT as part of the CHEM 1108 Freshman Chemistry Research Rotation taught by Prof. W. R. Murphy, Jr. at Seton Hall University. We thank Merck Co., Inc. for partial support of this research through an unrestricted grant. We also thank the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation for support of TC through the Partners-in-Science Program and the ACS Project SEED program for support of MK. 

This work was supported by an unrestricted educational grant from the Merck Company Foundation, the philanthropic arm of Merck Co. Inc., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA. 

Organic Syntheses wishes to acknowledge the contributions of Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. and Merck Co. to the success of this enterprise through their support, in the form of time and expenses, of members of the Boards of Directors and Editors. 

The application from van der Hoeven et al. (1997) used an ADS cartridge online SPE to measure cortisol and prednisolone in plasma and arachidonic acid in urine. A precolumn packed with a C18 alkyl-diol support (LiChrosphere RP-18 ADS, 25 /an, Merck) was used. To reduce run time, column switching was programmed as heart-cut , diverting only the analyte fraction into the analytical column. Another LiChrosphere column (125 x 4 mm inner diameter, Merck) handled separation. After the injection of 100 fiL plasma, the lower limit of detection for prednisolone was 1 ng/mL while cortisol was readily quantitated at its endogenous level of 100 ng/mL. The run time was 5 min. For arachidonic acid, a Hypersil ODS column (200 x 3.0 mm inner diameter, 5 /.an) was used. The injection volume was 200 //I. and run time was 9.5 min. The detection limit was 1 ng/mL and recovery was 77%. 

Gaboxadol (9) is a selective extrasynaptic GABA receptor agonist in late-stage investigation for the treatment of insomnia. The action of this compound was extensively reviewed in Chebib et al. [13] and updated in Wafford et al. [23]. Nevertheless, the sponsor companies Merck Co., Inc., and H. Lundbeck A/S announced in March 2007 that the results from recently completed clinical studies do not support further development and announced the discontinuation of their joint development program for gaboxadol. 

This book would not have been possible without the assistance of various institutions and individuals. The editors wish to express their appreciation to the following for providing the financial support necessary for the publication of this volume Division of History of Chemistry, American Chemical Society Merck and Company Smith Kline Corporation Dexter Chemical Corporation and Warner-Lambert Company. Thanks are also due to more people than we can acknowledge here, but we would at least like to single out the following individuals for their special efforts on behalf of this project Natalie Foster, Secretary-Treasurer, ACS Division of the History of Chemistry and Suzanne Roethel and Antoinette Drexler, ACS Books Department. 

R.T. expresses his sincere thanks to his co-workers and colleagues, without whose contributions this article could not have been written their names are cited in the references. In addition, financial support of our work by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie and support with chemicals by the Bayer AG (Leverkusen and Wuppertal-Elberfeld) and the Merck KGaA (Darmstadt) are gratefully acknowledged. 

The experimental and intellectual contributions of Drs. Xavier Cherian, Engin Akkaya, Mike Huston, Mi-Young Chae, Juyoung Yoon, Sung Yeap Hong, and Scott Van Arman are represented by the work described in this chapter. We gratefully acknowledge support for this work from The Ohio State University, the A. P. Sloan Foundation, the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, the National Science Foundation, Merck Co., and Eli Lilly and Company. 

Quality control is performed at the moment of data entry, in particular, with respect to errors present in publications. Chemical structures are checked for structural consistency by matching the molecular weight (MW) and chemical formula with the ones available in the experimental section and/or supporting information - whenever available, and by comparison to prior publications. Whenever in doubt, we also use other sources, such as the Merck Index [20] and free Internet resources. In the instances... 

The authors are grateful to the Interx Research Corp., a subsidiary of Merck and Co., Inc., and the Polsnner Program of the National Science Foundation for partial support of this research. The authors are also thankful to Dr. J. N. Hansen, and his group members (Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, UMCP), for providing sterile hood facilities. 

We are grateful to the Canada Research Chair (Tier I) foundation (to CJL), the CFI, NSERC, Merck Frosst and CIC(AstraZeneca/Boehringer IngeUieim/Merck Frosst) for support of our research. 

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