Mellitus and Pregnancy

Early in pregnancy, glucose homeostasis is altered by the increasing levels of estrogen and progesterone, which lead to P-cell hyperplasia and an increased insulin response to a glucose load. During 

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Gamer, P (1995). Type 1 diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. Lancet 346,157-161. 

L In most instances, dental plaque can cause erythema and gingival bleeding, but the gingival response can also be exacerbated by a variety of systemic conditions, including diabetes mellitus, leukemia, malnutrition, puberty and pregnancy. 

Wijendran, V. (1998) Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism During Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancy Complicated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Connecticut, Storrs. 

Louis was born in 1967, at term, after an uneventful pregnancy. He was a sickly infant and did not grow well. On a number of occasions his mother noted that he appeared drowsy, or even comatose, and said that there was a chemical, alcohol-like smell on his breath and in his urine. The GP suspected diabetes mellitus, and sent him to the Middlesex Hospital for a glucose tolerance test, which showed clearly that he was diabetic (see Figure 10.14). 

There are few absolute contraindications for deep peeling, with the exception of physical or mental instability. During pregnancy and lactation any cosmetic intervention is considered to be undesirable. We have safely peeled patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, thrombocytopenia, thyroid malfunction, etc, as long as their disease is well controlled and stable. All pa-... 

A knowledge of normal metabohsm is essential for an understanding of abnormalities underlying disease. Normal metabolism includes adaptation to periods of starvation, exercise, pregnancy, and lactation. Abnormal metabolism may result from nutritional deficiency, enzyme deficiency, abnormal secretion of hormones, or the actions of drugs and toxins. An important example of a metabolic disease is diabetes mellitus. 

An examination by the dentist should eliminate many of the potential systemic issues that can affect the periodontium of this patient. For example, the age of the patient, her appearance, and questions about her diet should be enough to rule in or out issues concerning puberty and malnutrition. However, if systemic conditions cannot be ruled out, an additional physical examination by a physician may be necessary. Additional tests to be requested could include oral glucose tolerance test for diabetes mellitus, human chorionic gonadotropin levels for pregnancy, and/or qualitative and quantitative evaluation of bone marrow cells and blood cells for leukemia. 

In clinical practice, depressive symptoms were common in patients with physical illness, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, and women in pregnancy, following delivery or menopause. However, data that specifically addressed serum lipid profiles in patients with depressive disorders and physical illnesses were still scarce. 

Montgomery SM Ekbom A (2002) Smoking during pregnancy and diabetes mellitus in a British longitudinal birth cohort. Br Med J, 324 26-27. 

One of the risks associated with use of combined hormonal contraceptives is venous thromboembolism, but in women without other contributing risk factors the risk of thrombosis is less than that observed during pregnancy. The risk of thromboembolism increases with both age and the presence of other risk factors, such as obesity or an immobilizing illness. There is also a small risk of arterial disease, particularly if the woman has a previous history of arterial disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus or if she is obese. 

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