Medicine nanotechnology applications

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers have drawn considerable interest in recent years due to their potential applications in medicine, nanotechnology, and catalysis (6,7). The ability to control dendrimer interior/exterior functionalities and the macromolecular architecture of PAMAM dendrimers... 

Starburst PAMAM dendrimers (Fig. 1), a specific class of commercially available dendrimers that have repeating amine/amide branching units, have drawn considerable interest in recent years due to their potential applications in medicine, nanotechnology, and catalysis [3-7]. These dendrimers are readily functionalized to terminate in diverse moieties such as primary amines, carboxylates, hydroxyls, or hydrophobic alkyl chains. Because dendrimer size and end groups can be varied, they are typically named by their generation (Gl, G2, etc.) and exterior functionality (- NH2, - OH). 

It was conceivable from the moment of the invention of STM that this technique could become a principal technique on the way to increase the degree of miniaturization in different fields (electronics, medicine, biology). Nanotechnology applications started with the works of Ringger et al. and Schneir et al. " The use of the STM tip as a nano-pen was presented by Albrecht et al."" and Staufer et al., " who wrote the phrases STANFORD UNIVERSITY APRIL 1989 , and I V STM , respectively. After that, Eigler et al. demonstrated an atomic scale electronic switch... 

Application of coordination compounds in medicine, materials chemistry, and as catalysts are mentioned and are cross-referenced to a fuller discussion in Volume 9. Comment is made on application of complexes in nanotechnology, and on the molecular modeling of complexes. The material cannot be totally comprehensive because of space limitations, but is selected in such a way to give the most effective review of discoveries and new interpretations. 

Nanotechnology and surface science In recent decades, for example, the application of nanoscience and nanotechnology has developed since the molecular studies of surfaces at nanoscale have reached a much higher level. Nanotechnology is now a popular topic in materials science, and other areas are also emerging. It has deserved this popularity because of its interdisciplinary character, calling for expertise in physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. Many materials properties are studied in detail. 

Scientists study protein motors because they are biologically interesting but also because they offer insights into mini-motors. Molecular machinery such as nanorobots or nanobots—tiny robots—is a major goal of nanotechnology, and it would have tremendous applications in a lot of fields, especially in medicine. Some researchers are trying to adapt protein motors to perform additional jobs, while other researchers simply use these tiny motors for inspiration. Ever since the 1966 film Fantastic Voyage, in which scientists shrank a team of specialists and a submarine and injected them into the body of a patient, people have been fascinated with potential treatments that would be made possible by tiny machines. 

One of the most important applications of nanotechnology is medicine. Biology involves many small-scale objects such as the fundamental unit of life—the cell—most of which are about 0.001-0.004 inches (0.0025-0.01 cm) in diameter, and proteins, the large molecules that perform a variety of important functions in the body. Many of the diseases that afflict people arise because of problems with certain cells or proteins. 

Although nanotechnology has a large number of applications in medicine, this section will focus on cancer—the result of a cell or small group of cells that grows out of control. 

Nanotechnology offers the promise of specific targeting in medicine because its size is on the same scale as cells and proteins it needs to find. Instead of flooding the body with medication, medical applications of nanotechnology zooms in on the problem areas. Nanotechnology seeks to hunt down the bad guys while leaving the peaceful population alone. 

Abstract Phthalocyanines represent a versatile class of functional dyes which have found applications in various disciplines ranging from materials science, catalysis, nanotechnology to medicine. The intrinsic properties of the macrocycles as well as their molecular arrangements, both in solution and in the condensed phase, can be altered through rational chemical modification. Conjugation of other functional units to phthalocyanines can also complement the characteristics of the macrocycles. All these approaches can improve the performance of these macro-cyclic compounds as advanced functional materials. The purpose of this article is to provide an up-to-date review of the current research status of phthalocyanine-containing supramolecular systems. The formation, structures, and properties of self-assembled phthalocyanines as well as the non-covalent hetero-arrays containing phthalocyanines and other functional units are reviewed herein. 

Biomedical photonics has the potential to revolutionize medicine as we know it, especially by application of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, leading to diagnostics and therapy at the molecular level. 

---