Medical conditions/diseases animals

These somewhat simplified descriptions of mechanisms that initiate cellular injury, and of the ways in which cells and tissues respond to these injuries will, as noted at the outset, be helpful as we describe various manifestations of toxicity and carcinogenicity. We distinguish between toxic injuries, which are typically seen in animal experiments and are usually described in the terms defined in the foregoing, and the various medical conditions we call diseases. Many toxic responses can lead to disease, but we also consider toxic injuries to be adverse effects, whether or not they are known to lead to specific diseases. 

Correlating human medical conditions with the biochemical role of the tocopherols is difficult because of the lack of correlations between deficiency diseases seen in animals relative to what is seen in humans. Deficiency diseases seen in animals include reversible re-... 

Calorimetric measurements of heat dissipation by animal tissue and cells have a firm foundation in the rigorous Laws of Thermodynamics. In essence, the metabolic activity of the material is being measured and detection of alterations to this activity in physiological, clinical, and pathological conditions could become a valuable addition to our medical armory. But calorimetiy can also be a deeper probe to investigate human diseases, by combining it with conventional biochemical assays to ensure that account is made of all pathways in the metabolism of normal cells and those in a diseased state with altered metabolism—the enthalpy balance method. Above all, confidence in understanding the Laws of Thermodynamics enables us, as perennial students, to more clearly appreciate the Laws of Nature which all obey. 

WRAMC - Walter Reed Army Medical Center. X -Rav - Electromagnetic radiation originating from the electron shells surrounding atoms. Zoonosis - an infection or infectious disease transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to man. 

The risk of failure or the fear of malpractice often precludes the design and evaluation of controllers in live humans, so that devices and treatments are often tested on computer and animal models first. In the past, animals have been the preferred choice, but this approach is continually being reevaluated. Whereas most researchers readily agree that animal experimentation has been and will continue to be necessary for the advancement of medical science, most would welcome methods and procedures that might reduce or even eliminate the use of animals. Furthermore, animals are rarely perfect models of human diseases and conditions. Thus, there has been and wiU continue to be a demand for alternative models and procedures. Tissue cultures are beginning to fill some of this need, and it is hfcely that computer modeling and simulation may also fill this need. 

Research in endocrinology examines how hormones work in the body and how they relate to diseases and conditions. This research aims at improving the medical treatment of endocrine conditions. Some researchers are focusing on the development of synthetic hormones, which do not have the problems associated with animal-derived products. Others are looking at possible cures, in the form of transplanted or regrown organs or other ways for the body to manufacture hormones. 

Herbology, also known as phytotherapy, is the study of plants and plant extracts for medicinal use. Herbology is an integral part of Chinese traditional medicine, folk medicine, and naturopathic medicine. Herbology is often used by practitioners who also favor alternative medical treatments such as acupuncture. An herbalist is a person who specializes in the use of plants and plant extracts for the prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions. Some herbalists also use naturally occurring nonplant products such as minerals and animal products. 

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not consider colloidal silver to be safe or effective in treating any disease or condition in humans or animals (FDA, 1997). Ingestion of colloidal silver can cause an irreversible build-up of silver particles in tissues, called argyria. Advertisements for colloidal silver may claim that the product will strengthen the immune system or kill bacteria. Some manufactures claim that it treats cancer, FIIV-AIDS, or diabetes. These claims are not supported by medical research (NCCAM, 2004). 

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