Medical and Biochemical Applications

There has been a surge of research activity in the physical chemistry of membranes, bilayers, and vesicles. In addition to the fundamental interest in cell membranes and phospholipid bilayers, there is tremendous motivation for the design of supported membrane biosensors for medical and pharmaceutical applications (see the recent review by Sackmann [64]). This subject, in particular its biochemical aspects, is too vast for full development here we will only briefly discuss some of the more physical aspects of these systems. The reader is referred to the general references and some additional reviews [65-69]. 

The number of reactions producing CL as cited in the literature of the last decade is high. Extensive reviews have been reported on analytical applications in different disciplines such as medical and biochemical [48-52], food [53, 54], environmental, and toxicological [55] analysis. 

A survey of the optical bandgap, excitonic recombination properties under low excitation and electron hole plasma recombination in AlxGai.xN has been given. Demand for UV applications, i.e. gas sensors or monitors, flare sensors, medical applications, chemical and biochemical applications and light sources for phosphors increases rapidly, which will surely lead to the further improvement of the quality of the AIN containing nitrides, and thus give us much more information about their luminescence properties. 

Avidin was the first commercially available recombinant protein (1997) to be derived from a transgenic system (corn seed) for use in medical applications [285, 286, 291]. As it forms strong, non-covalent bonds with biotin, avidin is used in medical and biochemical diagnostic kits for the detection of biotin-containing proteins and nucleic acids. Transgenic corn which accumulated avidin was developed jointly by... 

This chapter covers only some of the ways in which activated carbon can offer utility in this field. Other possibilities are suggested in References. For a complete review the reader is referred to Chemical Abstracts where all items dealing with the subject can be readily located in the index under Carbon, active and Charcoal, active and also to Deitz, Bibliography of Solid Adsorbents, which contains a section on biochemical, medical, and pharmaceutical applications. 

H.-R. Schulten, Biochemical, medical and envirorunental applications of field ionization and field desorption mass spectrometry, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. lonPhys., 32 ... 

Spichiger-Keller, U.E. Chemical and Biochemical Sensors. In Spichiger-Keller U.E. (ed.) Chemical Sensors and Biosensors for Medical and Biological Applications, pp. 33-81. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, German (1998). doi 10.1002/9783527612284.ch2... 

Polymers, both synthetic and natural, are the most diverse class of biomaterials. Polymeric biomaterials are widely used in both medical and pharmaceutical applications, and contribute significantly to the quality and effectiveness of health care. They are available in a wide variety of compositions and properties. They can readily be processed to form complex shapes with any size according to their final application. In addition, their surface properties, which are important in biological applications, may be readily modified by physical, chemical, or biochemical means. Their main disadvantage is the extractables in their structures (remaining after synthesis or fabrication processes), which may leach out during the use, and may lead undesirable effects on the host. 

Davis DR. Nutritional needs and biochemical diversity. In Bland J, ed., Medical Applications of Clinical Nutrition. New Canaan, Conn. Keats Publishing, 1983, 4163. 

New Medical and Life Sciences Examples This edition adds boxed features of biochemical methods, medical applications, and the history of biochemistry, adding to those already present of medicine, biotechnology, and other aspects of daily life. 

In keeping with the previous editions, the primary purpose of Medical Biochemistry, Fourth Edition, is to present the fundamentals of biochemistry and related materials in a way that is useful to students pursuing medical and other health-related careers. The book was conceived and written with the hope that it would generate interest and enthusiasm among these students, particularly because biochemistry has a crucial role in human health and disease. Since it is assumed that most students in medicine and health-related fields eventually will apply biochemical principles to the art of healing, discussion of the factual information is integrated with frequent use of clinical examples and applications. 

This volume contains most of the papers presented at the symposium. In addition, several chapters written by leading experts in the field have also been included. Several important aspects of immobilized microbial cell technology are discussed here carriers for immobilization, methods of cell attachment, biophysical and biochemical properties, reactor design, and process engineering of bound cell systems. A number of applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical areas— including those commercialized already— have been described. In essence, this is a comprehensive single volume state-of-the-art presentation of immobilized microbial cell systems. 

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