Measurements of effort

Slow Brain Potentials as a Measure of Effort Applications in Mental Workload Studies in Laboratory Settings Gabriele Freude and Peter Ullsperger... 

Because most power transmission is based on rotating elements, torque is extremely important as a measurement of effort to produce work. 

Measurements of effort (the work being done to prevent accidents and reduce harm). 

While measurements of results are common and an important part of any successful safety and health program, to be proactive and preventive you must consider different measurements such as effort being put forth to prevent accidents. These types of measurements are called measurements of effort and assess the amount of control that exists within the system. Measurements of effort evaluate ... 

Two types of measurements of effort, routine checks and management systems audits, are described in the following section. 

FIGURE 4.5 Management system elements of ISO s 14001 and OSHA s VPP MEASUREMENTS OF EFFORT—ROUTINE CHECKS... 

Although routine measurements of effort are important, they do not provide an in-depth evaluation of work being done to prevent accidents. Management systems audits provide this in-depth analysis. They take more time to complete but they measure the site s complete safety management system, rather than just indicators. They complement routine measurements. 

Quantum mechanics is cast in a language that is not familiar to most students of chemistry who are examining the subject for the first time. Its mathematical content and how it relates to experimental measurements both require a great deal of effort to master. With these thoughts in mind, the authors have organized this introductory section in a manner that first provides the student with a brief introduction to the two primary constructs of quantum mechanics, operators and wavefunctions that obey a Schrodinger equation, then demonstrates the application of these constructs to several chemically relevant model problems, and finally returns to examine in more detail the conceptual structure of quantum mechanics. 

The Printing Process. Tme integration of all facets of the printing process is limited, in most cases, to sporadic measurements of the individual elements and processes that contribute to the final product. There is only a limited effort underway as of the mid-1990s to estabUsh close links between electronic prepress and conventional processes such as proofing, plate-making, and printing. 

The pareto chart, tool number six, is a special type of histogram (48) where the frequency data is grouped in order of decreasing occurrence or other measures of importance rather than in sequential or numerical order. The chart, an example of which is shown in Figure 6, illustrates the causes in decreasing order of importance. It enables the improvement effort to be focused where it can have the most impact and is an effective management communication tool. 

Measurement of the cable sheathing/soil potential can be used to assess the corrosion danger from stray current interference (see Section 15.5.1). Since the measured values vary widely and the stray currents cannot be switched off, IR-free potential measurements are only possible with great effort. In order to keep the IR term of the potential measurement low, the reference electrode must be placed as close as possible to the measured object. With measurements in cable ducts (e.g., underneath tramway tracks), the reference electrodes can be introduced in an open duct. 

As with other rigid amorphous thermoplastic polymers such as PVC and polystyrene (see the next chapter) poly(methyl methacrylate) is somewhat brittle and, as with PVC and polystrene, efforts have been made to improve the toughness by molecular modification. Two main approaches have been used, both of which have achieved a measure of success. They are copolymerisation of methyl methacrylate with a second monomer and the blending of poly(methyl methacrylate) with a rubber. The latter approach may also involve some graft copolymerisation. 

If the hypothesis or model does not seem to be a good predictor of what is happening in the building, you probably need to collect more information about the occupants, HVAC system, pollutant pathways, or contaminant sources. Under some circumstances, detailed or sophisticated measurements of pollutant concentrations or ventilation quantities may be required. Outside assistance may be needed if repeated efforts fail to produce a successful hypothesis or if the information required calls for instruments and procedures that are not available in-house. Analysis of the information collected during the LAQ investigation could produce any of the following results ... 

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