Mealybug

Soaps Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede Aphid, whitefly, mealybug, powdery mildew Various fruits and vegetables Insecticide, fungicide... 

Bihar hairy caterpillar (Diacrisia obliqua) Mealybug (Centrococcus sp.)... 

What to do Cut out and burn severely infested shoots and branches. Wash out inaccessible colonies with a powerful jet of water or remove with a paintbrush as appropriate. Repeat inspection and removal of mealybugs two or three times at twice-weekly intervals. 

Symptoms Black or brown sootlike deposits on upper leaf surfaces and other plant parts. Plants may also be infested with sap-feeding pests such as aphids, whiteflies, scale, or mealybugs. 

Many types of soaps have been used to kill, dislodge or repel certain garden pests. They vary greatly in effectiveness and in toxicity to plants. They are frequently effective against thrips and other small, soft-bodied insects such as aphids, mealybugs and whiteflies. Their disadvantages are that they are expensive and they need to be reapplied frequently, possibly every three or four days. 

Two pheromonal components were detected in airborne collections from the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus Signoret (Hemiptera Pseudococci dae) in Israel. They were identified as (5 )-lavandulyl senecioate (1) and (5)-lavandulyl isovalerate (II). Compound I has been identified as the sex pheromone of P. ficus in California. The report shows that feral P. ficus mealybugs produce and respond only to (I) whereas mealybugs reared in the laboratory on potato sprouts produce and respond to both (I) and (II). 

The sex pheromone component of the citrus mealybug. Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel (Homoptera Pseudococcidae), was identified as... 

The sex ph eromone of the obscure mealybug. Pseudococcus viburni Signoret (Homoptera Coccidae), consists of (li , 2i , 35 )-(2,3,4,4-tetramethylcyclopentyl)methyl acetate. This compound is interesting because it is the first example of a new monoterpenoid structural motif in which the two isoprene units forming the carbon skeleton are joined... 

Enantioselective syntheses of four different stereoisomers of the major component of the sex pheromone of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, maconelliyl... 

Uses insecticide to control aphids, scale insects, jassids, lepidopterous larvae, bollworms, mealybugs, psyllids, thrips, spider mites, etc. in citrus fruit, pome fruit, olives, cotton, cereals, rice, coffee, tea, sunflower, sugar cane, tobacco, ornamentals, and vegetables also used as acaricide and for control of mosquito larvae. 

Deltamethrin is a crystalline powder, white or slightly beige in color. The formulations include emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, ultra-low volume and flowable formulations, and granules. There are no known incompatibilities with other common insecticides and fungicides. It is used as a contact poison to control apple and pear suckers, plum fruit moths, caterpillars on brassicas, pea moths, aphids (apples, plums, hops), winter moths (apples and plums), and codling and tortrix moths (apples). It also is used in control of aphids, mealybugs, scale insects, and whiteflies on glasshouse cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, potted plants, and ornamentals.9-11... 

It is rather difficult to convert carboxylic acids to decarboxylative alcohols. However, treatment of O-acyl esters (2) in the presence of Sb(SPh)3 and molecular oxygen, followed by hydrolysis, generates the corresponding decarboxylative alcohols. Eq. 8.11 shows the preparation of a sex pheromone of the citrus mealybug from (+ )-ds-pinonic acid [30-32]. When 1802 instead of 1602, is used in this reaction, 180-alcohols can be obtained. 

Vogel R, Nijtmans L, Ugalde C, van den Heuvel L, Smeitink J (2004) Complex I assembly a puzzling problem. Curr Opin Neurol 17 179-186 von Dohlen CD, Kohler S, Alsop ST, McManus WR (2001) Mealybug beta-proteobacterial endosymbionts contain gamma-proteobacterial symbionts. Nature 412 433-436 Weibel ER (2002) The pitfalls of power laws. Nature 417 131-132... 

Beetle, consumer of mealybugs used in orchards, vines, and protected crops... 

A wasp, parasite of glasshouse whitefly—most widely used Ladybird consumer of aphids and other pests A wasp, parasite of mealybugs used in horticultural and fruit crops... 

In 1980, we reported the structure of the Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana), pheromone as 2,6-dimethyl-l,5-heptadien-3-ol acetate (24, 25) and in 1981, we identified the pheromone of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso), as (lR-cis)-(+)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(l-methylethenyl)cyclobutanemethanol acetate (26). Both of these pheromones have been synthesized and are currently being used as baits in monitor traps in California and Texas. These compounds are more volatile than the pheromones for most other insects and therefore formulations for controlled release need to be modified from those described earlier. 

The optically active citrus mealybug (CIMB) pheromone was intially formulated in laminate dispensers (13 x 13 mm) made of 9-mil vinyl and 16-mil polymeric PVG films. The dispensers, containing 1 mg of pheromone, were aged outdoors in California in late 1980 at temperatures ranging from 27-38°C in the day and 7-16°C overnight. Analysis for residual pheromone showed that over 98% of the lure was released by the vinyl dispensers in the first week (t /2 = 2 days), while the polymeric PVC formulations gave a slower release with a t, <2 of 11 days. 

A similar set of experiments was conducted for the development of a laminate dispenser for the Comstock mealybug (COMB) pheromone. Initially, 2-octyl acetate, which has a volatility and polarity similar to that of the pheromone, was used as a model and was incorporated in 3 types of laminate dispensers 16-mil polymeric PVC, 6-mil acrylic and 9-mil vinyl films were used. Dispensers (13 x 13 mm) containing 2.7 mg of compound were aged in a greenhouse in California at temperatures ranging from 21-36°C and then analyzed. The 2-octyl acetate contents gave two values of 1 day for the 9-mil vinyl, 8 days for the 16-mil polymeric PVC and greater than 40 days for the 6-mil acrylic film. On the basis of this experiment, the 9-mil vinyl and the 6-mil acrylic films were eliminated from consideration. 

As in the case of the Comstock and citrus mealybug pheromones, the release data for the California red scale pheomone showed that the laminate formulation made with 16-mil polymeric PVC film gave a long-lasting and suitable dispenser for the monitoring program. The results of these dispenser evaluations are summarized for citrus insect pheromones in Table IV. 

CIMB = citrus mealybug COMB = Comstock mealybug CRS =... 

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