Materials of Construction Stainless Steel

Materials of construction Stainless-steel interior Stainless-steel interior Stainless-steel interior Carbon steel... 

Material of construction, stainless steel, design stress 135 N/mm at design temperature 200° C... 

Acccs. tor/cs Kiiockback coil, spiral baffle, entrainment plate, safety valve Materials of construction stainless steel, type 304... 

Advance amounts required by vendors are generally 15-25 % of cost of machinery (in case the cost of machinery is in the range of about 50-70 % of total cost of project depending on the complexity of technology). Vendors may ask for greater advance amount if costly materials of construction (stainless steel, titanium, or special alloys) are required for fabrication, pressure vessels are to be supplied or equipment designs are complicated such as special reactors or boilers. 

Chart Energy Chemicals, Inc. is a manufacturing company that is interested in developing their facility to produce small channel reactors. Two materials of construction, stainless steel and aluminum, have been considered [47]. Aluminum has the advantage that it is easier and fester to use to manufecture larger... 

Materials of construction Stainless steel+rubber lined Stainless steel+rubber lined... 

Materials of Construction Suitable materials of construction are steel, stainless steel, and aluminum 3003. Galvanized steel should not be used. Plastic tanks and lines are not recommended. 

Treat with a second solvent, simply attach a pressure-capable tank to the work chamber to store, dispense, and recover the second solvent. With an enclosed machine, there is no reason for the semi-aqueous process as low-cost hydrocarbon and terpene-based SA solvents can be used, contained, and evaporated at any temperature. If in the unlikely event that the second solvent must be water, one should use construction materials of 315 stainless steel for protection against corrosion, and implement a desiccant dryer (Chapter 3.7.7). 

Materials of Construction. High sihcon iron. Stellite 6, HasteUoy C, and stainless steels types 304, 309, 316, and 317, have low corrosion... 

Materials of Construction and Operational Stress. Before a centrifugal separation device is chosen, the corrosive characteristics of the Hquid and soHds as weU as the cleaning and saniti2ing solutions must be deterrnined. A wide variety of materials may be used. Most centrifuges are austenitic stainless steels however, many are made of ordinary steel, mbber or plastic coated steel. Monel, HasteUoy, titanium, duplex stainless steel, and others. The solvents present and of course the temperature environment must be considered in elastomers and plastics, including composites. 

Materials of Construction. GeneraHy, carbon steel is satisfactory as a material of construction when handling propylene, chlorine, HCl, and chlorinated hydrocarbons at low temperatures (below 100°C) in the absence of water. Nickel-based aHoys are chiefly used in the reaction area where resistance to chlorine and HCl at elevated temperatures is required (39). Elastomer-lined equipment, usuaHy PTFE or Kynar, is typicaHy used when water and HCl or chlorine are present together, such as adsorption of HCl in water, since corrosion of most metals is excessive. Stainless steels are to be avoided in locations exposed to inorganic chlorides, as stainless steels can be subject to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. Contact with aluminum should be avoided under aH circumstances because of potential undesirable reactivity problems. 

Ejectors are available in many materials of construction to suit process requirements. If the gases or vapors are not corrosive, the diffuser is usually constructed of cast iron and the steam nozzle of stainless steel. For more corrosive gases and vapors, many combinations of materials such as bronze, various stainless-steel alloys, and other corrosion-resistant metals, carbon, and glass can be used. 

Materials of Construction for Bulk Transport Because of the more severe service, construction materials for transportation usually are more restricted than for storage. Most large pipe lines are constructed of steel conforming to API Specification 5L or 5LX. Most tanks (cars, etc.) are built or pressure-vessel steels or AAR specification steels, with a few of aluminum or stainless steel. Carbon steel tanks may be hned with rubber, plastic, nickel, glass, or other materials. In many cases this is practic and cheaper than using a stainless-steel tank. Other materials for tank construction may be proposed and used if approved by the appropriate authorities (AAR and DOT). 

Materials of Construction The most common material of construction for heat exchangers is carbon steel. Stainless-steel construction throughout is sometimes used in chemical-plant service and on rare occasions in petroleum refining. Many exchangers are constructed from dissimilar metals. Such combinations are functioning satisfactorily in certain sei vices. Extreme care in their selection is required since electrolytic attack can develop. 

Clad Tube Sheets Usually tube sheets and other exchanger parts are of a solid metal. Clad or bimetallic tube sheets are usecito reduce costs or because no single metal is satisfactory for the corrosive conditions. The alloy material (e.g., stainless steel, Monel) is generally bonded or clad to a carbon steel backing material. In fixed-tube-sheet construction a copper-alloy-clad tube sheet can be welded to a steel shell, while most copper-alloy tube sheets cannot be welded to steel in a manner acceptable to ASME Code authorities. 

Materials of Construction A wide variety of materials is available for tanks, as indicated earlier. Most mechanisms are made of steel however, submerged parts may be made of wood, stainless steel, rubber-covered or coated steel, or special alloys. 

Isolation of the mills, use of nonsparldng materials of construction, and magnetic separators to remove foreign magnetic material from the feed are useful precautions (Hartman, Nagy, and Brown, U.S. Bur. Mines Rep. Invest. 3722, 1943). Stainless steel has less sparking tendency than ordinary steel or forgings. 

Impurities in a corrodent can be good or bad from a corrosion standpoint. An impurity in a stream may act as an inhibitor and actually retard corrosion. However, if this impurity is removed by some process change or improvement, a marked rise in corrosion rates can result. Other impurities, of course, can have very deleterious effec ts on materials. The chloride ion is a good example small amounts of chlorides in a process stream can break down the passive oxide film on stainless steels. The effects of impurities are varied and complex. One must be aware of what they are, how much is present, and where they come from before attempting to recommena a particular material of construction. 

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