Material Dictionary

Coleman, R. J. andK. H. Williams, Hazardous Materials Dictionary, Technomic Publishing Co., Lancaster, PA, 1988. 

Saager R (1984) Metallic Raw materials Dictionary, pp. 135 -138. Bank von Tobel, Zurich. 

Coleman, R.J. and K.H. Williams. 1987. Hazardous Materials Dictionary. Lancaster, PA Tech-nomic Publishing Co. 

Specifications represent, as indicated in dictionaries, the definition of the characteristics that a construction, a material, a product, etc., must have. The specifications for industrial products, such as petroleum products, are thus lists of terms and conditions that the products must meet. There are many types of specifications for petroleum products ... 

M. S. Kaminsky and J. J. ToTVrty,Dictionary ofTerms forVacuum Science andTechnology, Surface Science, Thin-Eilm Technology, Vacuum Metallurgy and Electronic Materials, American Vacuum Society, New York, 1980. 

The definition of a drug differs between dictionaries and among the various professional specialisms. A search of the internet elicited various definitions and a paraphrase of the most memorable is a compound can be defined as a drug if, when injected into a rodent, it yields a scientific publication . Although this is a memorable definition, for the purposes of this review, however, a drug is defined broadly as a compound that has properties that influence the health of an animal when ingested or administered to that animal. A brief look at current literature will quickly convince the reader that this is a definition which covers man-made and natural compounds that can be extracted from plant material and microbes and iised. ... 

What do we mean when we speak of an inherently safer chemical process Inherent has been defined as existing in something as a permanent and inseparable element, quality, or attribute (American College Dictionary, 1967). A chemical manufacturing process is inherently safer if it reduces or eliminates the hazards associated with materials and operations used in the process, and this reduction or elimination is permanent and inseparable. To appreciate this definition fully, it is essential to understand the precise meaning of the word hazard. A hazard is defined as a physical or chemical characteristic that has the potential for causing harm to people, the environment, or property (adapted from CCPS, 1992). The key to this definition is that the hazard is intrinsic to the material, or to its conditions of storage or use. Some specific examples of hazards include ... 

Calomel, derived from the Greek words icaX6-g (beautiful) and fXsXaf (black), seems an odd name for a white solid. It might arise from the colour of the material obtained when Hg2Cl2 is treated with ammonia this is a product of variable composition (see below) which owes its colour to the presence of metallic mercury. Other more fanciful derivations are listed in the Oxford English Dictionary 2, 41 (1970). 

What is an engineering standard Webster s New International Dictionary contains the following definition Standard That which is established by authority, custom, or general consent, as a model or example, criteria, text. In general, a definitive level, degree, material, character, quality, or the like, viewed as that which is proper and adequate for a given purpose. 

Of these sources, Kirk-Othmer s Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology is particularly recommended for questions on chemistry and on end uses. For information on properties and on toxicity and handling hazards, Patty s Industrial Hygiene, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), and the Aldrich catalog are very nseful. Questions on industrial chemistry should be directed to Ullman s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, and the texts by Chenier, Heaton, and White. Hawley s Condensed Chemical Dictionary is valuable as a source for dehnitions of the terms (language) of chemistry. 

Microchemistiy - a branch of analytical chemistry that involves procedures that require handling of very small quantities of materials. Specifically it refers to carrying out various chemical operations (weighing, purification, quantitative and qualitative analysis) on samples ranging from 0.1 to 10 milligrams. (The Condensed Chemical Dictionary 1971). 

Goffer, Z. (1996), Dictionary of Archaeological Materials and Archaeometry, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

Hamer, F. and J. Hamer (2004), The Potter s Dictionary of Materials and Techniques, Black, London. 

The appendix provides a key to the chemicals and materials whose manufacture is described by one or more of the named processes. Although the dictionary does not purport to be a comprehensive listing of processes for making particular chemicals or materials, reference to the key will identify those processes which have special names, and reference to these entries will often provide general references which will help to identify the unnamed ones too. 

The definitions in the Glossary are based on the Oxford EngUsh Dictionary (OED), Webster s International Dictionary (WEB), and unabridged dictionaries in English and foreign languages as well as the standard dictionaries and reference works in mineralogy, materials science, and medicine. 

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