Maslow Hierarchy

For centuries, humans have tried to interpret their own behaviors in order to understand their purposes and to predict what behaviors would follow (Harbaugh, 1972). There are several general schools of psychological theory that attempt to frame motivation and behavior. One that would seem to be most relevant is the Maslow Hierarchy of Basic Needs (Maslow, 1954) ... 

Harbaugh, T. E., 1972, A validation study of the Maslow hierarchy of needs, PhD thesis. University of Maryland, College Park, MD. 

Later theories by Maslow (1954) showed the narrowness of that view, and the importance of factors such as social, esteem, achievement, and other needs. Maslow has put forward a hierarchy of five types of needs in descending order of priority ... 

There is a straightforward model of human motivation—Maslow s (1987) hierarchy of needs—that is a favorite of management theorists and practitioners. The model is popular because it is relatively simple to convey and fairly easy to apply in practical situations. 

McGregor s (1985) seminal book, The Human Side of Enterprise, considers the management of organizations from the standpoint of hnman motivation, using Maslow s hierarchy as an important base model. He concludes that there are two fundamentally different types of managers who operate from two different sets of assumptions about human behavior. 

The travel career ladder approach was developed by Pearce (1988, 1991b, 1993b), Pearce and Caltabiano (1983) and Moscardo and Pearce (1986a) and was based in part on Maslow s (1970) needs-hierarchy theory of motivation. The travel career ladder (TCL) describes tourist motivation as consisting of five different levels relaxation needs, safety/security... 

More than 50 years ago, psychologist Abraham Maslow created what he called a hierarchy of needs. It was a pyramid representation of what human beings needed most in life, in order from the most importanttothe least. Obviously, the most important needs are the ones people have to have to survive, such as air, food, water, and shelter. Beyond that, however, was the need to belong and fit in with others. It is a powerful drive in humans and nowhere is that made clearer than in the typical high school, where differentness, as Midler calls it, is a curse. 

Not only do you need to examine your own feelings and motivations, but you also need to examine those of fhe ofher person. Determining where a person is coming from is an invaluable assef in conflict management. Toropov (1997) suggests that Maslow s hierarchy of needs may be used to determine a person s reference poinf in conflict. Maslow outlines seven levels... 

Maslow s hierarchy of needs may give you insight into another person s side of a conflict. The hierarchy may also help you to examine your own needs. In either case, you are more attuned to the other person s needs and motivations and are more able to accommodate them. 

Apply Maslow s hierarchy of needs theory to disaster nursing. How well can it be applied to disaster... 

From the top down, Maslow s hierarchy of needs is as follows ... 

Anthropologists distinguish three general classes of social control mechanisms. The first and most obvious is direct force. A group can physically attack members who are behaving deviantly and injure or kill them. In less extreme form, property or privileges can be taken away. Control rests on interfering with the satisfaction of the lowest level of needs in Maslow s hierarchy, namely survival needs and needs for the avoidance of pain and discomfort. 

Psychologist Abraham Maslow (3) hypothesized a hierarchy of needs that classifies human motivation, listed in descending priority ... 

MEDICATION MEMORY JOGGER Oxygen is a medication, and the nurse should remember basic principles that apply to oxygen administration. The test taker could choose the correct answer based on Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs and breath-ing/oxygen is the priority. 

The nurse shotfld suspect elder abuse including imfilled medication prescriptions and other forms of neglect. This cHent s blood pressure is extremely high and could lead to a life-threatening condition if antihypertensive medications are not administered immediately. According to Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs, physiological needs are priority over potential other problems. 

We as human beings have basic needs that will likely never change. According to Maslow s theory, there is actually a hierarchy of five levels of basic needs. They are ... 

FIGURE 6.22.9 Maslow s hierarchy of human needs and motivation. (From Smith, B.D., Psychology Science and Understanding, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1998. With permission.)... 

Maslow s hierarchy appears also to have a developmental component. Lower level needs will be of less concern if they have been habitually satisfied for some time. Thus, the lower levels of physiological and safety and security needs of the average American adult were satisfied in childhood, and have little influence on the adult s motivation (Harbaugh, 1972). Love needs for Americans are often satisfied in adolescence, and estean needs are thought to be satisfied sometime in early adult life. Self-actualization as a motivational factor may only be important when approaching later life. 

Maslow s ideas can be considered in evolutionary terms. The most basic levels of Maslow s hierarchy are related to the most fundamental evolutionary need of survival. As the top of the hierarchy is approached, however, the survival needs become less important compared to reproduction. It is here that the center of attention turns from survival of the individual to continued existence of groups of individuals. Cooperation subsumes competition, first within the immediate family, then outward toward the extended family, the community, and eventually to the biosphere (Figure 6.22.10). Commonality extends outward to include more and more environmental surroundings. 

It is known that animals at a lower level on their social hierarchy (Figure 6.22.12) have more stressful and shorter lives (Nesse and Williams, 1994). The socioeconomic trend to egalitarianism in human society has probably produced many positive benefits for hnman health. There is Maslow s hierarchy for human societies as well as for individuals within society. 

First, we ll assume that there are elements of Maslow s hierarchy that apply to animals. If that is the case, then supplying attractive food to the meat eaters would attenuate their tendencies to hunt the grazers. Over the course of time, these animals will become less fit to hunt, and the young will not be taught hunting techniques. 

Describe the hardships encountered in Biosphere II. Do any of these relate to Maslow s hierarchy ... 

Koltko-Rivera, M. E. (2006). Rediscovering the later version of Maslow s hierarchy of needs Self-transcendence and opportunities for theory, research, and unification. Review of General Psychology, 10(4), 302-317. 

Maslow Maslow developed a hierarchy of needs. The concept has been quite popular. His theory is a content theory that looks within an individual for variables that effect desired paformance. His hierarchy consisted of five classes of needs ranked in importance fi om low to high. He thought that needs at the base of the hierarchy required satisfaction first. Higher... 

Goal-Directed School Maslow s Needs-Hierarchy Theory... 

Psychology and Safety The Human Element in Loss Prevention / 237 Figure 11-2. Maslow s Needs-Hierarchy model of motivation. 

---