Market Leader Introduction

The sales of oral diuretics are declining, and are forecast to continue their decline in constant dollars during the 1990s (119,120). Several possible explanations can be offered for these trends. The patents of market leaders are expiring, lea ding to the introduction of generic brands at ca 40% below the cost of the branded market leaders physicians are switching to newer treatments for hypertension, eg, calcium channel blockers and... 

To summarise an increase in restrictions (as measured by RESTR) seems to be related to a reduction in market prices. Atrazine was, before the introduction of restrictions, a low price treatment alternative. When the positive correlation between INTRO and ACTION is taken into account, the results indicate that new treatment alternatives have a relatively high market price. This may reflect patent status. The attempt to account for market leaders by LEADE RS gave no clear results at all. Finally, it should be emphasised that when these explicit supply variables are included in the analysis, the other herbicide characteristics (RELIA, PERSI, ACTION and TOX) may still be determinants for both demand and supply decisions. 

Biacore (part of GE Healthcare http /ywww.biacore.com/lifesciences/ index.html) is the market leader in SPR analytical equipment since its introduction in 1990. Their first commercially available array-based SPR instruments were the Biacore AlOO and the Flexchip, both introduced in 2005. The Biacore 4000, is now the instrument for high throughput use available from GE-Biacore. 

Although sol-gel chemistry is known for decades now, examples of successful market introductions are limited. Furthermore almost all existing sol-gel treatments are solvent-based and consequently difficult to handle. As the global leader in water-based sol-gel chemistry, Evonik offers today a broad variety of commercialized water-based products, which are also available in tons-scale.9... 

Few industries have been as affected by the restructurings of the past ten years as the paint industry. The extension of markets worldwide owing to the multiplication abroad of client factories of this industry, the technological revolutions brought about by the introduction of electrophoresis, of water-based lacquers, and of powder coatings had the twin effect of pushing the chemical leaders to expand worldwide in this area and to lead those paint companies that were still independent to sell out for want of the funds needed to develop... 

In an industry with active competition, pharmaceutical R D investment will follow expected returns on new products. The introduction of a pioneer drug, the first product introduced within a family of compounds, should and often does lead to R D by rival firms intent on introducing a similar therapeutic alternative, or me-too drug (158, 298), which can share the market with the leader. Box 4-A describes the intense competition among rival firms for the development of compounds in an important new class of drugs for the treatment of high cholesterol. 

With the introduction of these new manufacturing techniques, co-location will become the norm. Supply chains will shorten, become more intricate, and new forms of networks and relationships will emerge. Market-driven value network will become a business differentiator for leaders and an Achilles heel for laggards. 

AMR argues that one of the successful factors of the AMR TOP 25 Supply Chain companies is excellence in innovation. Being quick to market with profitable products that are in high demand is a core competence of a DDSN strategy. For DDSN leaders, innovation excellence is a key to success, and it is infused into all supply chain processes. AMR research shows that 75% of new products fail, and 42% of companies lack a common set of internal standards for managing New Product Development and Introduction process. 

Microsoft entered the LAN market in 1984 with its production of a LAN to support IBM personal computer networks, but Microsoft and IBM decided to develop separate products for networks with the introduction of the Personal System/2 (PS/2). Still, Microsoft s highly successful Window s New Technology (NT) network operating system and IBM s successful LAN Manager network operating system for the PS/2 had much in common. Both Microsoft and IBM continue to be leaders in research in computer networking. 

---