Myelin, formation

Kadi L, Selvaraju R, de Lys P, Proudfoot AE, Wells TN, Boschert U (2006) Differential effects of chemokines on oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation and myelin formation in vitro. J Neuroimmunol 174 133-146... 

Koenig, HE, Schumacher, M, Ferzaz, B, DeThi, A, Ressouches, A, Gennoun, R, Jung-Tester, L, Robel, P, Akwa, Y and Baulieu, EE (1995) Progesterone S5mthesis and myelin formation by Schwann cells. Science 286 1500-1503. 

MYELIN FORMATION, STRUCTURE AND BIOCHEMISTRY 51 MEMBRANE TRANSPORT 73 ELECTRICAL EXCITABILITY AND ION CHANNELS 95 CELL ADHESION MOLECULES 111 THE CYTOSKELETON OF NEURONS AND GLIA 123... 

FIGURE 4-10 Myelin formation in the peripheral nervous system. (A) The Schwann cell has surrounded the axon but the external surfaces of the plasma membrane have not yet fused in the mesaxon. (B) The mesaxon has fused into a five-layered structure and spiraled once around the axon. (C) A few layers of myelin have formed but are not completely compacted. Note the cytoplasm trapped in zones where the cytoplasmic membrane surfaces have not yet fused. (D) Compact myelin showing only a few layers for the sake of clarity. Note that Schwann cell cytoplasm forms a ring both inside and outside of the sheath. (Adapted with permission from Norton, W. T. The myelin sheath. In E. S. Goldensohn and S. H. Appel (eds), Scientific Approaches to Clinical Neurology. Philadelphia Lea Febiger, 1977, pp. 259-298.)... 

Taiep rat (acronym trembling, ataxia, immobility, epilepsy, paralysis) AR Unknown Impaired myelin formation followed by demyelination in the CNS accumulation of microtubules in oligodendrocytes interferes with transport of myelin proteins or mRNAs see text 49... 

A variety of biological and chemical toxins can impair myelin formation or cause its breakdown 649... 

General undernourishment or dietary deficiencies of specific substances can lead to a preferential reduction in myelin formation 649... 

Imbalances of brain amino acids may hinder the synthesis of brain lipids, leading to a diminution in the rate of myelin formation 671... 

Imbalances of brain amino acids may hinder the synthesis of brain lipids, leading to a diminution in the rate of myelin formation. Decreases of lipids, proteolipids and cerebrosides (Ch. 3) have been noted in several of these syndromes, e.g. maple syrup urine disease, when intra-myelinic edema is a prominent finding, particularly during the acute phase of metabolic decompensation [9]. Pathological changes in brain myelin are common, especially in infants who die early in life. The fundamental... 

Amur SG, Shanker G, Cochran JM, Ved HS, Pieringer RA (1986) Correlation between inhibition of myelin basic protein (arginine) methyltransferase by sinefungin and lack of compact myelin formation in cultures of cerebral cells from embryonic mice. J Neurosci Res 16 367-376 An W, Kim J, Roeder RG (2004) Ordered cooperative functions of PRMTl, p300, and CARMl in transcriptional activation by p53. Celll 17 735-748... 

Poulain FR, Allen L, Williams MC, et al. Effects of surfactant apolipoproteins on liposome structure implications for tubular myelin formation. Am J Physiol 1992 262(6 Pt 1) L730-L739. 

Copper is an essential component of numerous key metalloenzymes which are critical in melanin formation, myelin formation and crosslinking of collagen and elastin. Copper plays a vital role in hemopoiesis, maintenance of vascular and skeletal integrity, and structure and function of the nervous system. Thus a deficiency of copper can lead to a variety of adverse effects such as increased fragility in bones, aneurysm formation in arteries and a loss of lysyl oxidase activity in cartilage.54 57 Articles on copper also appear in Siget1, volumes 3 and 5, all of volumes 12 and 13, and volume 14,... 

MPTP is one example of a toxicant that causes direct structural damage to neurons, resulting in loss of function. In the following sections, other types of structural and functional effects of neurotoxicants are described. Structural effects are divided into three primary types effects on myelin formation, primary damage to axons, and direct promotion of cell death. Neurons may also be secondarily affected by neurotoxicants... 

Bongarzone ER, Howard SG, Schonmann V, Campagnoni AT (1998) Identification of the dopamine D3 receptor in oligodendrocyte precursors potential role in regulating differentiation and myelin formation. J Neurosci 75 5344-5353. 

The cytoplasmic channels or paranodal loops at the lateral end of the internode are a major site of myelin-axon adhesion. The membrane of the inner or adaxonal surface of the myelin sheath is in direct contact with the axons. Their cytoplasmic channels may transmit axonal signals that regulate myelin formation and help determine the length and thickness of the myelin internode. These channels contain microtubules and other cytoskeletal components for transport and stability and mitochondria for energy. Also, in some areas, they contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum and free polysomes for the synthesis of local membrane components. In addition, membranes of noncompact myelin serve special functions that are reflected by unique molecular composition. 

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