MAPK mitogen-activated protein

IkB inhibitory protein kappa B lCAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 lL-1 interleukin-1 LDL low density lipoprotein MAPKs mitogen activated protein kinases MCP-1 macrophage chemotactic protein 1 M-CSF macrophage colony stimulating factor mmLDL minimally modified LDL NAC A-acetylcysteine NF-kB nuclear factor-kappa B oxLDL oxidised LDL PKC protein kinase C PMA phobol myristate acetate ROS reactive oxygen species TNF-a tumour necrosis factor alpha AM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1... 

Cdc, cell division cycle DARPP-32, dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32kDa MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase NIPP1, nuclear inhibitor of PP1 PP, protein phosphatase Vffl, vaccinia virus. 

MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase NgR Nogo receptor... 

Mitogenic effects are mediated through MEK/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and changes in metabolic activity mainly via PI3K. 

Fig. 6. Role of signal transduction pathways in phosphorylating H3 at Ser-10 and Ser-28. The Ras-MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) pathway is activated by EGF (epidermal growth factor) and TPA (12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate). UV-B activates both the Ras-MAPK pathway and the p38 kinase pathway (for more information about the signal transduction pathways see http // kinase, oci.utoronto.ca/signallingmap.html).

Fig. 10.2. Components and activation of the ERK pathway. Ordering and specificity of protein kinases in the ERK pathway. ExtraceUular signals are registered via receptor tyrosine kinases and passed on to the Ras protein. Ras GTP activates protein kinases belonging to the group of MAPKK kinases (Raf kinases and MEEKs). The MAPKK kinases phosphorylate the downstream group of protein kinases, the MAPKKs at two Ser residues. The MAPKKs phosphorylate the MAPKs (ERKl and ERK2) at a Tyr and a Thr residue, and thus are classified as dual specificity kinases. MAPK mitogenic activated protein kinase ERK extracellularly regulated kinase MEK MAP/ERK kinase MAPKK MAPK kinase MAPKKK MAPKK kinase MEKK MEK kinase.

MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase... 

Abbreviations-. GPCR = G protein coupled receptor RXR = retinoid X receptor RTK = receptor tyrosine kinase RSTK = receptor serine/threonine kinase RACK = receptor for activated protein kinase C MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase. 

M phase portion of mitotic cell cycle including mitosis and cytokinesis during which the cell separates the duplicated genome into two identical halves MAPK mitogen activated protein kinase MEK MAPK/ERK kinase MEKK MAPK/ERK kinase kinase... 

List of Abbreviations GABA, gamma aminobutyric acid MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase SNARE, soluble AT-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion attachment protein receptor SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism... 

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of protein phosphatases and protein kinases (PK) on opening or closure of connexons. PTK protein tyrosine kinase MAPK mitogen activated protein kinases CasK casein kinase P indicates phosphorylation.

JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase MEK MAPK/ERK kinase... 

Fig. 5.n Activation of the MAPK cascade via/ -arrestin and C protein-coupled receptors. A complex is formed between / -arrestin and the various components of a MAPK module (see Chapter 10) in the cytosol. This multiprotein complex translocates to the plasma membrane bound receptor following ligand binding. / -arrestin functions as a scaffold for the MAPK module and promotes internalization of the whole complex. This leads to generation of active MAPK and stimulation of transcription. MAPK mitogen activated protein kinase, MEK MAPK/ERK kinase, MEKK MEK kinase. 

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