Manometric test

CDj) T. Urbanski, Vol 2(1965), pp 22-31 gives methods for determining the Stability of Nitric Esters, which include Abel Heat Test, Litmus Test (Vieille Test), Heat Test at 134.5°C, Silvered Vessel Test, Loss of Weight Test, Will Test, Bergmann Junk Test and Manometric Test... 

Manometric test. The idea of measuring the pressure of the gaseous products evolved during decomposition of explosives on storage or heating was known as early as in the middle of the last century. It was mentioned by Abel [96] in his classic work on the stabilization of nitrocellulose. Ph. Hess [97] examined the decomposition of nitrocellulose at 70°C and measured the pressure of the decomposition products by means of a mercury manometer. Mittasch [98] applied the same idea... 

An improved version of the manometric test developed by Obermuller in 1904. The method was considerably modified, first by Goujan and, very recently, by Brissaud. In all modifications of the method, the test tube containing the sample preheated to the desired temperature is evacuated, and the increase in pressure produced by the gaseous decomposition products is measured with a mercury manometer. The test is usually terminated when the pressure has attained 100 mm Hg. The test temperature are for nitrocellulose 135°C = 275°F... 

For the determination of gas production resulting from the biodegradation of the test materials, two different test systems each containing 12 reaction vessels were set up. The volumetric test system of TUHH (Fig 1) and a manometric test system (Sensomat, Fig 2) of the company Aqualytic, 63201 Langen, Germany, were applied as test systems. The test vessels used were modified SOO ml glass flasks (Schott). 

The gas production in the manometric test system were measured automatically and semi-continuosly every 120 minutes by measuring the pressure in the headspace of the reaction vessel. The limit of the measured pressure is 350 mbar. By using an IR-sensor the data can be registered by a data logger and transferred to a computer. Sampling of liqmds is carried out via the septum at the reaction vessel itself. Samples are mixed discontinuously using magnetic stirrers. 

Figure 2. Principle outline of the manometric test system Sensomat, Company Aqualytic, Germany ...

Manometric Stability Tests. Based on press measurements developed by gases formed on decompn of ex pis. Am on this group of tests are (1) Brame s Method, (2) Chiaraviglio and Corbino Method, (3) Desmaroux Method, (4) Dupre s-Vacuum Test, (5) Farmer s Vacuum Stability Test, (6) Haid, Becker Dittmar Test, (7) Meerscheidt-Hullassem s Test, (8) Mittasch s Method, (9) Obermuller s Method, and (10) Talliani Test... 

Its rate of detonation, as detd by the Dautriche method, was about the same as that of TNT (6880m/sec). Its sensitivity to impact, as detd in Fr, was considerably lower than for PA, but according to tests conducted in Engl, TNPht was more sensitive than PA (Ref 8). When pellets of TNPht (d 0.25g/cc) were fired in a manometric bomb, the pressure developed was 2490kg/sq cm, as against 3230 for PA... 

Hanstveit R (2003a) Trichloromethylstannane (CAS 993-16-8) Determination of the ready biodegradability in a manometric respiration test Delft, TNO, September (Repert Ne. V2492/01). 

Hanstveit R (2003f) Determination of the ready biodegradability of dichlorodioctylstannane in a manometric respiration test. 

Various aspects of in vitro gas production test have been reviewed by Getachew et al. [33], and these authors reported that gas measurement were centered on investigations of rumen microbial activities using manometric measurements and concluded that these methods do not have wide acceptability in routine feed evaluation since there was no provision for the mechanical stirring of the sample during incubation. Another in vitro automated pressure transducer method for gas production measurement was developed by Wilkins [34], and the method was validated by Blummel and Orskov [35] and Makkar et al. [36]. There are several other gas-measuring techniques such as (i) Flohenheim gas method or Menke s method [37] (ii) liquid displacement system [38] (iii) manometric method [39] (iv) pressure transducer systems manual [40], computerized [41], and combination of pressure transducer and gas release system [42]. 

Perhaps conceptually one of the simplest tests for comparing the stability of related polymer samples is that of measuring oxygen uptake. In such a measurement the amount of oxygen reacting with a polymer sample, at a particular temperature and over a specific time, can be measured either manometrically or volumetrically, by a relatively simple device [1], such as that illustrated in Figure 4 [10]. Whereas such a measurement may be made on solid samples, such as sheet, powder or film, in order to minimise errors, the measurement is preferably made on thin film samples. 

Determination of Detonation Velocity (71-4) Sensitivity to Impact (Sensibilite/ au choc) (74-5) Sensitivity to Friction (75-6) Sensitivity to Initiation (Sensibilite a 1 amorce) (76) Pressure Measurements by Manometric Bomb, by Crusher Test and by Piezoelectric Manometer (79 97) Density Determination (99-100) Chronographs of Schulze and of Le Boulange (101) Tests for Stability by Methods of Abel, Spica, Vieille at 110°C, German at 135° Bergmann-Junk, Su, Hansen-Grotannelli, Silvered Vessel and Taliani (107-09) Explosion Test (109-10)... 

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