Manganese naming

Manganite ( ya, brown manganese) (Named after its chemical MnO(OH) M s 87.94482 62.47 wt.% Mn Monoclinic a = 884 pm b = 523 pm Biaxial (4>) as 2.24 4(HV 367- 459) 4200- 4400 Habib prismatic. Color black, gray. Luster submetallic. Diaphandtp opaque. Streak red brown. Geavage perfect (010), good (110). Twinning Oil. Fracture conchoidal. 

Halite, see Sodium chloride Hausmannite, see Manganese(II,IV) oxide Heavy hydrogen, see HydrogenpH] or name followed by -d... 

Acetaldehyde [75-07-0] (ethanal), CH CHO, was first prepared by Scheele ia 1774, by the action of manganese dioxide [1313-13-9] and sulfuric acid [7664-93-9] on ethanol [64-17-5]. The stmcture of acetaldehyde was estabhshed in 1835 by Liebig from a pure sample prepared by oxidising ethyl alcohol with chromic acid. Liebig named the compound "aldehyde" from the Latin words translated as al(cohol) dehyd(rogenated). The formation of acetaldehyde by the addition of water [7732-18-5] to acetylene [74-86-2] was observed by Kutscherow] in 1881. 

Seaweeds. The eadiest successful manufacture of iodine started in 1817 using certain varieties of seaweeds. The seaweed was dried, burned, and the ash lixiviated to obtain iodine and potassium and sodium salts. The first process used was known as the kelp, or native, process. The name kelp, initially apphed to the ash of the seaweed, has been extended to include the seaweed itself. About 20 t of fresh seaweed was used to produce 5 t of air-dried product containing a mean of 0.38 wt % iodine in the form of iodides of alkah metals. The ash obtained after burning the dried seaweed contains about 1.5 wt % iodine. Chemical separation of the iodine was performed by lixiviation of the burned kelp, followed by soHd-Hquid separation and water evaporation. After separating sodium and potassium chloride, and sodium carbonate, the mother Hquor containing iodine as iodide was treated with sulfuric acid and manganese dioxide to oxidize the iodide to free iodine, which was sublimed and condensed in earthenware pipes (57). 

Pyrolusite is a black, opaque mineral with a metallic luster and is frequendy soft enough to soil the fingers. Most varieties contain several percent water. Pyrolusite is usually a secondary mineral formed by the oxidation of other manganese minerals. Romanechite, a newer name for what was once known as psilomelane [12322-95-1] (now a group name) (7), is an oxide of variable composition, usually containing several percent water. It is a hard, black amorphous material with a dull luster and commonly found ia the massive form. When free of other oxide minerals, romanechite can be identified readily by its superior hardness and lack of crystallinity. 

Of the three benzenetricarboxyhc acids, only trimellitic acid as the anhydride is commercially produced in large volume, by Hquid-phase air oxidation of either pseudocumene or dimethyl benzaldehyde. The pseudocumene oxidation is another variant of the cobalt—manganese—bromine catalyst in acetic acid solvent as described in the terephthaUc acid section. The acid is available as a laboratory chemical (99). The lUPAC name of trimellitic anhydride is 5-isobenzofurancarboxyhc acid (l,3-dihydro-l,3-dioxo). 

The EBDCs are prepared by reaction of EDA with carbon disulfide in the presence of sodium or ammonium hydroxide initially, then with 2inc and/or manganese salts, as appropriate (156—160). A continuous process has recendy been reported (161). The common names of these salts are nabam [142-59-6] (Na salt), amobam (ammonium salt), 2ineb [12122-67-7] (Zn salt), maneb [12427-38-2] (Mn salt), andmanco2eb. 

Oxidation state is a frequently used (and indeed misused) concept which apportions charges and electrons within complex molecules and ions. We stress that oxidation state is a formal concept, rather than an accurate statement of the charge distributions within compounds. The oxidation state of a metal is defined as the formal charge which would be placed upon that metal in a purely ionic description. For example, the metals in the gas phase ions Mn + and Cu are assigned oxidation states of +3 and +1 respectively. These are usually denoted by placing the formal oxidation state in Roman numerals in parentheses after the element name the ions Mn- " and Cu+ are examples of manganese(iii) and copper(i). 

Name from magnes (Latin = magnet) manganese dioxide (Mn02) was for a long time thought to be some type of iron ore... 

The discovery of the elements 43 and 75 was reported by Noddack et al. in 1925, just seventy years ago. Although the presence of the element 75, rhenium, was confirmed later, the element 43, masurium, as they named it, could not be extracted from naturally occurring minerals. However, in the cyclotron-irradiated molybdenum deflector, Perrier and Segre found radioactivity ascribed to the element 43. This discovery in 1937 was established firmly on the basis of its chemical properties which were expected from the position between manganese and rhenium in the periodic table. However, ten years later in 1937, the new element was named technetium as the first artificially made element. 

The chlorine formed in this stage is re-used in a subsequent stage where it oxidizes the manganese (II) to manganese (IV), which precipitates as Mn02. Developed by the Belgian company named. 

Mn(II) ions complexed by porphyrinato(2 ) ligands have shown catalytic superoxide anion dismutation. One SOD mimic, M40403, complexes Mn(II) via a macrocyclic ligand, 1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane, containing added bis(cyclohexyl) and pyridyl functionalities. M40403 carries the systematic name [manganese(II) dichloro] 4R,9R, 14/s, 19/ )-3,10,13,20,26-pentaazatetracyclo[20.3. 1.0(4,9)0(14,19)]hexacosa-l(26),-22(23),24-triene ]. The molecule is shown in... 

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