Manganese concentrations in human

The first report of abnormal manganese concentrations in human epileptics was published in 1967 and indicated high serum manganese concentrations in epileptics compared to non-epileptic controls (4). The authors were apparently unaware of the previous animal work that demonstrated a link between manganese deficiency and increased susceptibility to seizure. It was not until 1978 that Tanaka ( 5) presented data indicating that whole blood manganese concentrations were lower in epileptic children than in control children of similar age. A year later Papavasiliou and coworkers (6) in a study of 52... 

Markesbery WR, Ehmann WD, Hossain TIM, et al Brain manganese concentrations in human aging and Alzheimer s disease. Neurotoxicology 5 49-58,1984 McNally WD Industrial manganese poisoning with a review of the literature. Industrial Medicine 4 581-599, 1935... 

Arnold ML, McNeill EE, Chettle DR. 1999. The feasibility of measuring manganese concentrations in human liver using neutron activation analysis. Neurotoxicology 20 407-412. 

Manganese. The adult human body contains ca 10—20 mg of manganese (124,125), widely distributed throughout the body. The largest Mg " concentration is in the mitochondria of the soft tissues, especially in the Hver, pancreas, and kidneys (124,126). Manganese concentration in bone varies widely with dietary intake (126) (see Table 10). 

Manganese has been found to be an essential nutrient for the human as well as for many other living organisms however, in excessive amounts, it is also a toxic material (1-6). Deficiency symptoms for manganese in several species have been created and manganese metabolic roles have, at least in part, been defined (5,7-15). So called "normal" manganese concentrations in blood have been established (1,10,16). Kinetics of manganese uptake and metabolism by... 

Health and Environment. Manganese in trace amounts is an essential element for both plants and animals and is among the trace elements least toxic to mammals including humans. Exposure to abnormally high concentrations of manganese, particulady in the form of dust and fumes, is, however, known to have resulted in adverse effects to humans (36,37) (see Mineral nutrients). 

Human and animal studies indicate that inorganic manganese compounds have a very low acute toxicity by any route of exposure. The toxicity values for a given Mn compound are shown in Table 20 to depend on the species of test animal as well as the route of exposure. Manganese concentrations as high as 2000 ppm were found to be tolerated by test animals over a six-month period without any ill effects (208). 

Manganese is found in much higher concentrations in infant formulas than in breast milk. In fact, soy-based formulas were shown to contain about 80 times more Mn than breast milk [11]. Also, animal protein-based formulas contained also about 30 times more Mn than human milk. Infants are not able to absorb and excrete excess Mn during their first year of life, a period of rapid development. As Mn is neurotoxic and impairs intestinal Fe absorption, it would be desirable to reduce Mn levels in infant formulas down to those found in human milk (4-8 p,g l-1). Coni et al. [12] reported that in formulas more than 25 percent of total Mn is bound to caseins. On the other hand, Mn present in soy- and in cow s milk-based formula whey is mainly associated with LMW components (< 10 kDa), as is the case with human milk whey [15, 18, 34, 72],... 

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