Manganese-based alloys

Tka] Tkachenko, I.F., Rusetskii, V.A., Gorbachev, A.F., Grigoryeva, M.A., The Phase Transformations in Iron - Manganese Base Alloys (in Russian), Izv. Vyss. Uchebn. Zaved., Chem. Metall, (7), 82-85 (1980) (Experimental, Meehan. Prop., 2)... 

Deml] Demin, S.A., Ustinov, A.I., Chuistov, K.V., Influence ofNickel and Iron on the Structure of Martensite in Manganese-Base Alloys , Phys. Met. Metallogr., 51(4), 116-122 (1981), translated fromFiz. Met. Metalloved., 51(4), 808-814 (1981) (Crys. Stracture, Phase Relations, Experimental, 13)... 

Silver-palladium-manganese brazes possess excellent creep characteristics and have been developed for high-temperature applications involving the use of cobalt or nickel-based alloys, heat-resistant steels, molybdenum and tungsten. Their liquidus temperatures lie in the range 1 100-1 250°C. 

Iron (Fe), 74 490-529. See also Fe entries Ferr- entries Iron compounds Ironmaking processes Manganese ferroalloys MoFe protein Nickel-chromium—iron alloys Nickel—iron-aluminum catalyst Ni-Fe-base alloys VFe protein... 

Alloys. Tin is widely used as both a major and minor ingredient of alloy metals. These applications are summarized in Tables 1, 2, and 3. Phosphor bronzes (Table 3) actually contain very little phosphorus, ranging from 0.03 to 0.50%, and hence the alloys are poorly designated. Tin bronzes is the better term. High-silicon bronzes contain about 2.8% tin low-silicon bronzes about 2.0% tin. Gun metals are tin bronze casting alloys with a 5 10% zinc content. Some wrought copper-base alloys contain tin (1) Inhibited Admiralty metal, 1% fin (2) manganese bronze, 1% tin (3) naval brass, 0.75% tin, (4) leaded naval brass, 0.75% tin. See also Copper. 

Ternary compounds (not alloys) such as CdCr2Sc4 can be grown from a PbCl2-CdCl2 flux. These are magnetic semiconductors, but they have been eclipsed by the manganese- and iron-based alloys with zinc and cadmium chalcogenides, such as Cdi -,cMn,tTe. The pure compounds, usually made by direct reaction, are often used as... 

Discaloy [Westinghouse], TM for an austenitic iron-base alloy containing nickel, chromium, and relatively small proportions of molybdenum, titanium, silicon, and manganese. This alloy is precipitation-hardened and was developed primarily to meet the need for improved gas-turbine disks, one of the most critical components of jet engines. 

Hydrochloric acid as a hydrolyzer and as a product of hydrolysis in the absence of alkali has been the source of much trouble as it is one of the most corrosive chemicals known. However, even at slightly elevated temperatures, completely dry hydrogen chloride gas has very little corrosive action and is easily handled in iron equipment. Nickel and Monel metal are fairly resistant to low hydrochloric acid concentrations. With dilute acid,. several of the copper-base alloys, si ch as phosphor bronze, aluminum bronze, manganese bronze, ahd Everdur metal, have fairly good... 

An example of a nickel-based alloy that is resistant to stress-corrosion cracking is inconel. Inconel is composed of 72% nickel, 14-17% chromium, 6-10% iron, and small amounts of manganese, carbon, and copper. 

Among various zinc-based alloy coatings, there is a growing interest in zinc-manganese (Zn-Mn). In contrast alloying elements such as Ni, Co, and Cr, Mn has more negative potential = —1.185 Vvs.SCE compared to Zn. However, this alloy... 

When alloyed with small percentages of certain metals (e.g., aluminum, beryllium, iron, silicon, manganese, tin, titanium, and zinc), copper oxidizes with precipitation of oxide particles within the body of the metal as well as forming an outer oxide scale. Oxidation within the metal is called subscale formation or internal oxidation. Similar behavior is found for many silver alloys, but without formation of an outer scale. Internal oxidation is not observed, in general, with cadmium-, lead-, tin-, or zinc-based alloys. A few exceptions have been noted, such as for alloys of sodium-lead, aluminum-tin, and magnesium-tin [44]. Internal oxidation is usually not pronounced for any of the iron alloys. 

The chief industrial attribute of the cobalt-base alloys is their resistance to wear. They hold a unique position in that they are also corrosion-resistant (when the carbon content is low), and maintain their strengths and wear resistance at high temperatures, by virtue of reasonable microstructural stability (relative to, say, the austenitic manganese steels, the tool steels, and the high-silicon stainless steels). 

There are at least four compositions of cobalt-base alloys in use which are similarly designated by code numbers such as F75, F90, F562, and F563. Again, these differ in the relative composition of the following elements manganese, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, carbon, iron, phosphorus, sulfur, tungsten, titanium, and cobalt. These alloys are used because of their superior... 

Gulbransen and Andrew (1959) reported that the beneficial effects of addition of silicon to a Ni-20 Cr alloy are optimized if the silicon content is kept low (0.25%) and a small amount of manganese ( 0.05%) is added. Analogously, Wolf and Sandrock (1968) concluded that the oxidation resistance and ductility of a cobalt-base alloy... 

---