Nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum alloys

INMETCO s High Temperature Metals Recovery process reclaims the nickel, chromium, iron, molybdenum and cobalt fi om the secondary wastes indicated above and produces a remelt alloy in cast pig form, weighing 25-30 pounds. The remelt alloy is shipped to most of the stainless steel manufacturers in the United States, as well as certain other international companies, for use as raw material feedstock in the production of more stainless steel. As an ISO 9002 certified facility, INMETCO, a fully permitted facility, is the only High Temperature Metals Recovery facility in North America dedicated to the recovery of nickel, chromium, iron and molybdenum from both hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. 

Bau] Baum, N.P., Schroder, K., Specific Heat of Chromium-Rich Chromium-Nickel and Chromium-Iron-Molybdenum Alloys Between 1.3 and 4.2 K , Phys. Rev. B Solid State, 3, 3847-3851 (1971) (Thermodyn., Experimental, 29)... 

Description and corrosion resistance. HasteUoy AUoy G-30 is an improved version of the nickel-chromium-iron molybdenum-copper alloy G-3. With higher chromium, added cobalt, and tungsten the nickel HasteUoy AUoy G-30 shows superior corrosion resistance over most other nickel- and iron-based alloys in commercial phosphoric acids as well... 

The physical and mechanical properties of steel depend on its microstmcture, that is, the nature, distribution, and amounts of its metaHographic constituents as distinct from its chemical composition. The amount and distribution of iron and iron carbide determine most of the properties, although most plain carbon steels also contain manganese, siUcon, phosphoms, sulfur, oxygen, and traces of nitrogen, hydrogen, and other chemical elements such as aluminum and copper. These elements may modify, to a certain extent, the main effects of iron and iron carbide, but the influence of iron carbide always predominates. This is tme even of medium alloy steels, which may contain considerable amounts of nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. 

Chromium compounds Cr203 surface scale Nickel- chromium—iron alloys Nickel-chromium— molybdenum (tungsten) alloys Ni-Cr alloys analytical methods, 6 502-514 composition of metal compared to chromium ferroalloys, 6 501t dispersoid former, 2 325, 327 disposal, 6 519-521 economic aspects, 6 496—500 effect on cobalt alloys, 7 220 effect on stainless steel corrosion resistance, 7 809... 

Nickel-chromium alloys, 77 100-101 dental applications, 8 308, 310 Nickel-chromium-iron alloys, 73 519, 522 Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy C, in galvanic series, 7 805t... 

Nickel-chromium alloys 56 Nickel-chromium-iron alloys (without Mo) 56 Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys 67 Nickel-copper alloys 67 Nickel-molybdenum alloys 68 Zinc 68 Bibliography 69... 

Nickel-chromium alloys 262 Nickel-chromium-iron alloys (without Mo) 262 Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys 262 Nickel-copper alloys 263 Nickel-molybdenum alloys 270 Other nickel alloys 270 Zinc 270 Bibliography 273... 

Ferritic chromium steels with < 13 % Cr 320 Ferritic chromium steels with > 13 % Cr 320 High-alloy multiphase steels 320 Ferritic/pearlitic-martensitic steels 320 Ferritic-austenitic steels/duplex steels 320 Austenitic CrNi steels 323 Austenitic CrNiMo(N) steels 323 Austenitic CrNiMoCu(N) steels 323 Nickel-chromium alloys 339 Nickel-chromium-iron alloys (without Mo) 339 Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys 339 Nickel-copper alloys 339 Zinc 343 Bibliography 344... 

High-nickel alloys Molten salts Chromium, iron, molybdenum, tungsten... 

Actually, the drop of pH is related to more complex reactions and species. Thus, in more sophisticated models, several hydrolysis reactions and metal chloride formation are taken into account but the selection of species and reactions is somewhat different from model to model. Oldfield and Sutton [94] and Watson and Postlethwaite [2] considered only hydroxides as the product of cation hydrolysis. Sharland [96] introduced simple metallic chlorides. The most complete set of species and reactions has been used by Bernhardsson et al. [4], which made available the thermodynamic data of a large number of species, including several iron, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum polycations as well as metal chlorides and hydroxychlorides. Gartland [19] used a more limited set of species (Table 10.3) selected among the Bernhardsson data. According to their experimental results, Hebert and Alkire [95] included Al(OH) " as the hydrolysis product in their model of the crevice corrosion of aluminum alloys. 

The first iron—nickel martensitic alloys contained ca 0.01% carbon, 20 or 25% nickel, and 1.5—2.5% aluminum and titanium. Later an 18% nickel steel containing cobalt, molybdenum, and titanium was developed, and still more recentiy a senes of 12% nickel steels containing chromium and molybdenum came on the market. 

The resistance of a metal to erosion-corrosion is based principally on the tenacity of the coating of corrosion products it forms in the environment to which it is exposed. Zinc (brasses), aluminum (aluminum brass), and nickel (cupronickel) alloyed with copper increase the coating s tenacity. An addition of V2 to 1)4% iron to cupronickel can greatly increase its erosion-corrosion resistance for the same reason. Similarly, chromium added to iron-base alloys and molybdenum added to austenitic stainless steels will increase resistance to erosion-corrosion. 

The composition of this alloy (54% nickel, 15% molybdenum, 15% chromium, 5% tungsten and 5% iron) is less susceptible to intergranular corrosion at welds. The presence of chromium in this alloy gives it better resistance to oxidizing conditions than the nickel/molybdenum alloy, particularly for durability in wet chlorine and concentrated hypochlorite solutions, and has many applications in chlorination processes. In cases in which hydrochloric and sulfuric acid solutions contain oxidizing agents such as ferric and cupric ions, it is better to use the nickel/molybdenum/ chromium alloy than the nickel/molybdenum alloy. 

Because the composition of this alloy (47% nickel, 22% chromium, 7% molybdenum and 17% iron) has a higher iron content it cannot withstand such aggressive corrosion conditions as nickel/molybdenum and nickel/... 

Steel is essentially iron with a small amount of carbon. Additional elements are present in small quantities. Contaminants such as sulfur and phosphorus are tolerated at varying levels, depending on the use to which the steel is to be put. Since they are present in the raw material from which the steel is made it is not economic to remove them. Alloying elements such as manganese, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium are present at specified levels to improve physical properties such as toughness or corrosion resistance. 

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