Malfunctional behaviour

Critical functions in road vehicles are increasingly being implemented using electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems. The malfunctioning behaviour of these systems can contribute to the safety risk to the vehicle occupants and/or other road users. As such, it is necessary to provide assurance that any unreasonable residual risks have been... 

The functional safety concept that has been chosen to achieve the safety goal, named Distributed detection and mitigation of torque errors, is based on degradation whereby all faults that can lead to excessive acceleration are detected within an acceptable time interval. On detection of a fault, the vehicle acceleration is limited to a value below that specified in the safety goal. The concept is based on the assertion that only malfunctioning behaviour of the Item that can violate the safety goal (which is specified in terms of vehicle- QVQ behaviour acceleration) is the delivery of... 

For many years the corrosion of uranium has been of major interest in atomic energy programmes. The environments of importance are mainly those which could come into contact with the metal at high temperatures during the malfunction of reactors, viz. water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, air and steam. In all instances the corrosion is favoured by large free energy and heat terms for the formation of uranium oxides. The major use of the metal in reactors cooled by carbon dioxide has resulted in considerable emphasis on the behaviour in this gas and to a lesser extent in carbon monoxide and air. 

The reflectance system also provides a test of the effectiveness of purging prior to the 600°C/He volatilization of organic carbon. Residual O2 at 600°C will oxidize elemental carbon and produce an increase in the reflectance of the filter. In the e-vent that such an increase is observed, the sample would be rerun, and if this behaviour persists, the system would be checked for leaks or other malfunctions. Thus, the reflectance system plays an important quality assurance role in the analysis. 

Much attention is now paid to the mechanical properties of smokeless rocket powder [52], This stems from the requirement for physical integrity during manufacture, storage and firing. Any imperfection, such as a crack or deformation or a stress which may lead to a crack in the course of burning can cause serious ballistic malfunction. This defective behaviour is particularly liable to occur in large double base powder grains, hot extruded under pressure. 

The interdependencies are related to pathological behaviours where the malfunction of one component is affected by the functioning of another. As the systems are designed and operated independently among them, the collective behaviour is not always predictable—and more so in the presence of local abnormal actions. 

Suddendorf Many other acknowledged deficits that characterize autism, such as obsession with routine, stereotyped behaviour, preoccupation with parts of an object, echopraxia and echolalia, can hardly be explained as secondary deficits caused by a defect in a presumed social cognition module. Autistic children also have a deficit on creativity tasks. The clinical picture is far more complex than a malfunctioning discrete module for social cognition. 

This then is the basis for modern insights into how the brain - and therefore behaviour - can be manipulated by chemical means. Clearly, as our understanding of the neuronal circuits underlying specific behaviour increases, and we understand more about the neurotransmitters functioning in such circuits, we have more chance of helping people who are suffering from various malfunctions of the nervous system (mental illnesses). It has to be accepted, however, that such information may be misused by those with malign intent. 

Around the central core of the brain are a number of structures that collectively make up the deep brain nuclei, which are organized into the limbic system, and the basal nuclei. These systems are closely connected to the thalamus, the hypothalamus and the sensory and motor areas of the cerebral cortex. The limbic system is concerned with emotions, behaviour and memory and the basal nuclei are concerned with control of movement, although there is overlap between the two. Malfunction of these areas is implicated in disorders such as Parkinson s disease and schizophrenia. 

After the synthesis of the active hydrogel components these are often not immediately ready to operate and show an unsatisfying behaviour. During the design process the causes of malfunctions have to be considered to avoid inoperative devices. 

Event an event is an occurrence of ahnormal behaviour or malfunction which has been observed. It can be logged by the SBB/BLS Service, or by ALSTOM Support. 

There is an abrupt fault if at some time instant a system component suddenly turns from normal into abnormal operation. A fault is of progressive nature if instead the behaviour of a component gradually deviates from that of normal operation. If the behaviour of a system component does not match the desired behaviour but is still within given bounds then this is an indication for an incipient fault. As incipient faults develop slowly, are small in comparison to abmpt faults and may be obscured by disturbances, they are rather difficult to detect. They are usually due to wear and tear, and to ageing in normal operation and, although the system behaviour is still acceptable, they should be detected so that an identified component causing an incipient fault can be replaced before the component s behaviour turns into a non-acceptable malfunction that can cause a failure. 

The analysis of all the observations made on the reactor whether under normal operating conditions or in the case of a malfunction or anomaly, is used to reach a number of findings and to draw conclusions from this. The thermal-hydraulic behaviour of the sodium in the large sodium plenum of the primary circuit can be cited. 

Simulator a computer based assembly of software and hardware which is capable of presenting the physical behaviour of the whole nuclear power plant or part of it during various operational states and malfunctions. Simulators are typically equipped with an advanced user interface (graphic or hardware interface) suitable for interactive operation and particularly suitable for training purposes. 

This report investigates this malfunction of the fluid film seal theoretically and experimentally. Attention is paid to the behaviour of the gas-oil interface in the clearance of the inner seal ring. The interface is observed to shift its position in the circumference, depending on the operating conditions and the seal dimensions. The predicted shape of the gas-invaded region is compared with measurements. 

This contract implies that there is never a situation in which a wrong output is present in the absence of the safe-state. This timing behaviour might be correct for safety concepts using multi-channel architectures and voting, but it is not correct in case malfunctions are detected by periodic tests. Therefore the perm operator has been introduced, leading to an additional contract template C3... 

Table 1 lists all malfunctions in the system. For internal or input malfunctions the corresponding faulty behaviour is represented in a monospaced font. 

For instance, a survey through mailed questionnaires has been carried out by INKS in 1984 on the anomalies stated during industrial operations of 362 robots installed in France (4). According to the received answers, the amount of robots working near devices able to generate radiated electromagnetic interferences appears to be 9 % Frequent interferences in the power supplies alone are observed for 23 % of the robotic systems. From the general point of view of environmental conditions (i.e. EMI included), their influence on the robot behaviour is recorded in 31 % of cases, with occurrence of malfunctions (71 % of these cases), of data losses (42 ), and of other failures like breakdown of components (35 %) ... 

---