Magnetic echo-planar

Warach S, Gaa J, Siewert B, Wielopolski P, Edelman RR. Acute human stroke studied by whole brain echo planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 1995 37 231-241. 

Stehling M K, Turner R and Mansfield P 1991 Echo-planar imaging magnetic-resonance-imaging in a fraction of a second Science 254 43-50... 

Mansfield, P., and P. R. Harvey, 1993, Limits to Neural Stimulation in Echo-Planar Imaging, Magnetic... 

Baker PN, Johnson IR, Harvey PR, Gowland PA, Mansfield P (1994) A three-year follow-up of children imaged in utero with echo-planar magnetic resonance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170 32-33... 

A magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) pulse sequence based on proton-echo-planar-spectroscopic-imaging (PEPSI) is introduced." Single-shot MRSI at short TE was evaluated in phantoms and in vivo on a 3-T whole-body scanner equipped with a 12-channel array coil. This MRSI method is suitable for applications that require high temporal resolution to monitor temporal dynamics or to reduce sensitivity to tissue movement. 

BOLD methodologies aided by fast techniques like echo planar imaging (EPI) in high field magnets promise the localization of the sites of action of neuroactive compounds. Cheaper actively shielded magnets will facilitate the use of MRI in biology,... 

Human skin is the largest organ in the human body. It is fundamentally important to health as the semi-permeable barrier - the first line of defence - between the body and the external world. However, it remains relatively inaccessible to conventional magnetic resonance imaging, firstly because it is thin and therefore requires high spatial resolution, and secondly because it is characterized by relatively short T2 relaxation times, particularly in the outermost stratum comeum. Conventional studies have not usually achieved a resolution better than 70-150 pm, with an echo time of the order of a millisecond or so. As a planar sample, skin has proved amenable to GARField study where it has been possible to use both a shorter echo time and achieve a better spatial resolution, albeit in one direction only. Such studies have attracted the interest of the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries that are interested in skin hydration and the transport of creams and lotions across the skin. 

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