Magnesium reaction with nitric acid

DOT CLASSIFICATION 4.3 Label Dangerous When Wet, Poison SAFETY PROFILE A poison. Flammable when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizing materials. Ignites when heated in chlorine, bromine, or iodine vapors. Incandescent reaction with nitric acid. Reacts with water to evolve flammable phosphine gas. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx and phosphine. See also MAGNESIUM and PHOSPHIDES. 

It reacts with chlorine trioxide to form explosive chlorine monoxide. It ignites with magnesium oxide and fiuorine (Mellor 1946) and its reaction with nitric acid can be violent. 

Show the reaction when magnesium carbonate reacts with nitric acid. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Label Poison SAFETY PROFILE A poison. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mildly toxic by skin contact. Mutation data reported. Mixtures with magnesium are hypergolic on contact with nitric acid. Forms extremely explosive addition compounds with hexanitroethane. Vigorous reaction with sulfuric acid above 200°C. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also m-NITROANILINE, p-NITROANILINE, and ANILINE DYES. 

Write the equation for the redox reaction that occurs when magnesium metal reacts with nitric acid. Name the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent. 

Because matrix modification is one aspect of sample preparation, even though it is most often accomplished automatically in GFAA, we will discuss it here. For example, NIOSFI Method 7105 recommends a matrix modifier that consists of a mixture of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium nitrate, and nitric acid for the determination of airborne Pb. Because the graphite furnance can be viewed as a chemical reactor whereby the sample with its matrix is placed on a graphite platform (the L vov platform, discussed in Chapter 4) and heated to a very high temperature, reactions can take place that involve both the metal analyte of interest as well as sample matrix components. 

The reactions of hexaorganodileads with nitric acid 358,359), dimethyl-acetic acid 358), magnesium/magnesium iodide 296), aluminum chloride 349, 360), and alkyl halides 280,361, 362) also result in Pb—Pb cleavage. Reaction of hexaethyldilead with sulfuryl chloride, thionyl chloride, sulfur dichloride, and sulfur monochloride has been reported (363). The yield of triethyllead chloride was observed to decrease with increasing nucleophilic character of the sulfur atom, in the order listed above. 

Acidic Properties. As a typical acid, it reacts readily with alkaUes, basic oxides, and carbonates to form salts. The largest iadustrial appHcation of nitric acid is the reaction with ammonia to produce ammonium nitrate. However, because of its oxidising nature, nitric acid does not always behave as a typical acid. Bases having metallic radicals ia a reduced state (eg, ferrous and staimous hydroxide becoming ferric and stannic salts) are oxidized by nitric acid. Except for magnesium and manganese ia very dilute acid, nitric acid does not Hberate hydrogen upon reaction with metals. 

Benzyl chloride readily forms a Grignard compound by reaction with magnesium in ether with the concomitant formation of substantial coupling product, 1,2-diphenylethane [103-29-7]. Benzyl chloride is oxidized first to benzaldehyde [100-52-7] and then to benzoic acid. Nitric acid oxidizes directly to benzoic acid [65-85-0]. Reaction with ethylene oxide produces the benzyl chlorohydrin ether, CgH CH20CH2CH2Cl (18). Benzylphosphonic acid [10542-07-1] is formed from the reaction of benzyl chloride and triethyl phosphite followed by hydrolysis (19). 

Magnesium nitrate has been reported to undergo spontaneous decomposition in DMF, (possibly as a result of hydrolysis of the hexahydrate above its m.p., 90°C to liberate nitric acid). Although this effect has not been observed with other nitrates, reaction mixtures with hydroly sable nitrates should be treated with care. See Sodium nitrate Jute, Magnesium chloride... 

Cyclopentanecarboxaldehyde has been prepared by the procedure described above 2 3 by the reaction of aqueous nitric acid and mercuric nitrate with cyclohexene 6 by the action of magnesium bromide etherate 6 or thoria 7 on cyclohexene oxide by the dehydration of frarei-l, 2-cyclohexanediol over alumina mixed with glass helices 8 by the dehydration of divinyl glycol over alumina followed by reduction 9 by the reaction of cyclopentene with a solution of [HFe(CO)4] under a carbon monoxide atmosphere 10 and by the reaction of cyclopentadiene with dicobalt octacarbonyl under a hydrogen and carbon monoxide atmosphere.11... 

Many high explosives can be synthesized from the reaction of picryl chloride with various nucleophiles. 2,2, 4,4, 6,6 -Hexanitrodiphenylsulfide (10) can be prepared from the reaction of picryl chloride (87) with sodium thiosulfate in ethanol solution in the presence of magnesium carbonate. Oxidation of (10) with fuming nitric acid forms 2,2, 4,4, 6,6 -hexanitrodiphenylsulfone (88). ... 

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