Mafic acid

Elforts have been made to characterize the nature and content of individual components that are present in the low-molecular-mass fraction of the total mill effluents, which include the spent chlorination and alkali extraction stage liquors [2,4]. Approximately 456 types of compounds have been detected in the conventional bleach effluents, of which 330 are chlorinated organic compounds [22]. The compounds may be lumped into three main groups, namely, acidic, phenolic, and neutral (Table 2). Acidic compounds are further divided into the five categories of acids fatty, resin, hydroxy, dibasic, and aromatic acids. The most important fatty acids are formic and acetic acids. The dominant resin acids are abietic and dehydroabietic acids. Among the hydroxy acids identified, glyceric acid predominates. Dibasic acids such as oxalic, malonic, succinic, and mafic acids are derived from the lignin and carbohydrate fraction... 

This approach provided a concise route to optically active P-lactams [114], such as 131 and mafic acid derivatives 134 [115] (Scheme 38). 

Aliphatic hydroxy acid esters, e.g., dihexyl ester of mafic acid and triethyl citrate, are claimed as being useful as starting materials for resins as insulating electric wires [53]. 

Uva Ursi. Beat-berry. Dried leaves of Arctostaphy-Jos uva-ursi (L.), Spreng., Ericaceae. Habit. Northern Europe North America Asia. Cbnsrit Volatile oil arbutin, quercetin, ericolin. methylarbutin, myricetin. tannin (6-7%) ursolic gallic and mafic acids. 

MLOl carries genes that enable it to perform malolactic fermentation (MLF), in which grape-derived mafic acid is de-acidified (decarboxylated) to lactic acid. MLF... 

The chitosan-bonded hydroxyapatite bone-fllHng paste was made as follows. Chitosan (0.5 g) was dissolved in mafic acid (0.5 g) solution made with saline, and a chitosan film was formed by mixing this solution with hydrox-... 

Zhang, Q.C., Zhao, Y, Bian, H.M. Antiplatelet activity of a novel formula composed of mafic acid, succinic acid and citric acid from Comus officinalis Fruit. Pfiytotfier. Res. 27(12), 1894-1896 (2013)... 

Hydroxy acids are organic compounds containing hydroxy and carboxyl functional groups. Based on the structure, hydroxy acids can be classified as a-HAs, /THAs, and saficyfic acid (SA) and its derivatives. In a-HAs, OH is located at C-2 position of the compormd. Most well-known examples of a-HAs in cosmetic fields are glycolic acid and lactic acid. Examples of jS-HAs include hydroxy butanoic acid, mafic acid, and citric acid. SAs are monohydroxy benzoic acid, often incorrectly cited as /THA. Polyhydroxy acids and polyhydroxy bionic acids are new generation hydroxy acids with multiple skin benefits. ... 

At least in L. mesenteroides and L. oenos (0. oeni), the malolactic enzyme is inducible. Cultivated without mafic acid during numerous generations, the cells conserve a very small residual activity. They regain their maximum activity as... 

All of these products act uniquely by precipitating tartaric acid, since the potassium and calcium salts of malic acid are soluble. Yet insufficiently ripe grapes contain excess mafic acid. 

It was in temperate regions that malolactic fermentation (MLF) first became widespread. These wines, which are rich in mafic acid, are distinctly improved, becoming more round and supple. MLF was then progressively applied to all red wines, even those produced in warm regions already having a low acidity. This type of fermentation may not be advisable in aU regions and another method... 

The fermentation should be conducted at as low of a temperature as possible (18-20°C, for example). The low temperature makes malolactic fermentation slower but limits the risk of bacterial spoilage—in particular, excessive volatile acidity production due to the trausformation of substauces other than mafic acid. 

Cda.rhona.tedBeverages. Tartaric acid has been used like citric acid as an acidulant in carbonated beverages (qv). However, it has almost been completely replaced in the marketplace by less expensive acidulants like phosphoric, citric, mafic, and fumaric acids. 

Detectior limits Acidic rock Inter- mediate rook Basic rook Ultra- mafic rook Sand- stone Shale Carbo- nate Gneiss Leptite Amphi- bolite Meta- pelite Vlarble Alluvial plain soils Soils Stream Sedi- ments Shallo w sea Sed- iments... 

Acidic rock Inter- mediat e rock Basic rock Ultra- mafic rock Sand- stone Shale Carbo nate Gneis s Leptit e Amphi bolite Meta- pelite Marbl e Alluvia I plain soil Soil Stream sedimen t shallow sea edimen t... 

The poorly variable isotopic composition of the Lentia rocks favours a derivation of rhyolites from mafic-intermediate parents by dominant fractional crystallisation. However, there are linear relationships for many inter-element variations, which suggest mixing between acid and mafic magmas (De Astis et al. 1997). 

The Island of Pantelleria shows many characteristics that are commonly found in volcanoes from continental rift settings, such as the abundance of acid peralkaline rocks, the compositional gap between mafic and silicic compositions and the smooth inter-element trends. Therefore, its petro-genesis shares the same problems as magmatism from continental rifts (see Peccerillo et al. 2003 for discussion). The similar isotopic compositions of... 

The Sicily Province consists of tholeiitic to Na-alkaline magmas. Most rocks are mafic in composition, ranging from basalt to hawaiite and nephelinite, except at Pantelleria where peralkaline acid volcanics (pantellerites) dominate. A few trachytic rocks occur at Etna, Ustica and as lithic ejecta at Linosa. 

The first minerals to crystallise, at highest temperatures and pressures, are poor in silicon (<50% Si02) and are rich in calcium, iron and magnesium and they form minerals, such as olivine and the pyroxenes, which make up the basic or mafic rocks. The acidic or silicic rocks are the last to form, are rich in silicon (>65% Si02) and are dominated by quartz, the potash feldspars and muscovite. 

---