Bionic acid

Stodola, F. H. and Lockwood, L. B. 1947. The oxidation of lactose and maltose to bionic acids by pseudomonas. J. BioL Chem. 171, 213-221. 

Oxidation of lactose and maltose with Au/Ti02 catalysts has been reported to give close to 100% selectivity to lactobionic acid and malto-bionic acid, respectively63 which have potential uses in the pharmaceutical and detergent industries, as well as in food. Studies of the catalytic conversion of glucose by hydrogenation and oxidation to produce sorbitol and gluconic acid respectively have also been reported.64 Sorbitol is also manufactured on a 60 000 tonnes per annum scale. 

Carbodiimides are also employed to couple ovalbumin to mouse spleen cells/ and meli-bionic acid to serum albumin. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, on treatment with DCC, loses its... 

On oxidation (with hypoiodite) to the corresponding aldonic acid, of the disaccharide obtained by partial hydrolysis of chitin, and acetylation with sodium acetate in acetic anhydride, the product undergoes /3-elimination, to give the bionic acid derivative 2-acetamido-4-0-(2-acetamido-tri-0-acetyl-2-deoxy- -D-glucopyranosyl)-6-0-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-D-erj/(firo-hex-2-enono-1,5-lactone (90). In the original work, the determination of the site... 

Figure 4 Co-ordination of Ca by oxygen in the calcium bromide salt of lacto-bionic acid...

Besides the separation of pharmaceuticals, CD-containing stationary phases have found application in the analysis of foods and food products, environmental pollutants, and other organic compounds. The baseline separation of lacto-bionic acid, sorbitoL lactose, and fmctose on a P-CD phase was achieved using MeCN-sodium dihydrogen phosphate 10 mM (70/30, v/v) as isocratic mobile phase. Racemic 2,4-... 

Hydroxy acids are organic compounds containing hydroxy and carboxyl functional groups. Based on the structure, hydroxy acids can be classified as a-HAs, /1-HAs, and salicylic acid (SA) and its derivatives. In a-FlAs, OH is located at C-2 position of the compound. Most well-known examples of a-HAs in cosmetic fields are glycolic acid and lactic acid. Examples of )S-HAs include hydroxy butanoic acid, malic acid, and citric acid. SAs are monohydroxy benzoic acid, often incorrectly cited as jS-HA. Polyhydroxy acids and polyhydroxy bionic acids are new generation hydroxy acids with multiple skin benefits. ... 

Almond Gum Almond gum is obtained as it extrudes from wounds on almond tree Prunus amygdalus (Rosaceae). It is a water-soluble gum. It contains aldo-bionic acid, L-arabinose, L-galactose, D-mannose, etc. [54]. It is soluble in warm water [64]. The gum consists of different components which give emulsifying, thickening,... 

A reducing disaccharide on oxidation yields a monocarboxy bionic acid, the —CHO becoming —COOH. These acids, like all hydroxy acids with hydroxyl in the 3, 4, 5, or 6 position, readily close up to form a lactone, or ring compound made by condensation between —COOH and one of the —OH groups of the same carbon chain. 

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