M-Toluamide

EPA JV,IV-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEFT), Pesticide Registration Standard, U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C., 1980. 

A uV-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is the active ingredient in many insect-repellent preparations. Plow might you synthesize this substance from m-bromotoluene ... 

Fenvalerate toxicity is antagonized by atropine sulfate or methocarbamol, which may be effective in treating severe cases of poisoning (Hiromori et al. 1986). Conversely, some compounds exacerbate the toxicity of fenvalerate and interfere with a desired use. Domestic cats (Felis domes-ticus) treated with Fendeet (an aerosol mixture of fenvalerate and A-A-diethyl-m-toluamide) to control fleas and ticks sometimes show signs of toxicosis, such as tremors, hypersalivation, ataxia, vomiting, depression, and seizures. Signs usually appeared within hours of topical application, and females and juveniles seem to be the most sensitive groups. The demonstrated ability of N-N-diethyl-m-toluamide to enhance the dermal absorption of fenvalerate is the probable cause of toxicosis (Dorman et al. 1990). 

Topical aerosol treatment of fenvalerate plus Deet (N-N-diethyl-m-toluamide) to control fleas and ticks... 

Dorman, D.C., W.B. Buck, H.L. Trammel, R.D. Jones, and V.R. Beasley. 1990. Fenvalerate/AQV-diethyl-m-toluamide (Deet) toxicosis in two cats. Jour. Amer. Veterin. Med. Assoc. 196 100-102. 

W. G. Taylor, R. W. Spooner, Identification and Gas Chromatographic Determination of Some Carboxylic Acid Metabolites of V,V-Diethyl-m-Toluamide in Rat Urine , J. Ag-ric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 1422-1427. 

Repellents are materials that affect insects and other organisms by disrupting their natural behavior of bloodseeking through biting of humans and animals, and are the first line of defense that can be readily used for this purpose (1). The best overall standard repellent is A/,N-diethyl-m-toluamide [134-62-3] (DEET), systematically named N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (1). 

As recently reviewed by Gupta and Garge (2002), there are some materials known to penetrate the skin readily and appear to be capable of acting as penetration enhancers for certain selected drugs. These enhancers sometimes work more effectively in the presence of solvents such as ethanol or propylene glycol. A well-known example is the use of the insect repelent DEET (N,N diethyl-m-toluamide) as an enhancer for corticosteroids or the use of isopropyl myristate and propylene glycol for diclofenac sodium. Indeed, cyclodextrins have also been employed as penetration enhancers for hydrocortisone although how this system functions is not easy to visualize (see later section on cyclodextrins). 

N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide. an insect repellent (from compounds with 7 carbons or fewer)... 

Synonym. Deet Proprietary Name. Autan A A -Diethyl-m-toluamide Ci2HnNO=191.3 CAS—134-62-3... 

Abu-Qare, A.W., Suliman, H.B., Abou-Donia, M.B. (2001). Induction of urinary excretion of 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of oxidative stress, following administration of pyridostigmine bromide, DEBT (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and permetbrin, alone and in combination in rats. Toxicol. Lett. 121 127-34. 

Baynes, R.E., Hailing, K.B., Riviere, J.E. (1997). The influence of diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) on the percutaneous absorption of permethrin and carbaryl. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 144 332-9. 

Abbreviations EtOH (ethanol) PEG (polyethylene glycol) SC (stratum corneum) DMAC (dimethyl acetamide) NNDMT (A,A-dimethyl-m-toluamide) OG (n-Octyl-p-o-glucoside) ... 

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