Diethyl-m-toluamide

EPA JV,IV-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEFT), Pesticide Registration Standard, U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C., 1980. 

A uV-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is the active ingredient in many insect-repellent preparations. Plow might you synthesize this substance from m-bromotoluene ... 

Fenvalerate toxicity is antagonized by atropine sulfate or methocarbamol, which may be effective in treating severe cases of poisoning (Hiromori et al. 1986). Conversely, some compounds exacerbate the toxicity of fenvalerate and interfere with a desired use. Domestic cats (Felis domes-ticus) treated with Fendeet (an aerosol mixture of fenvalerate and A-A-diethyl-m-toluamide) to control fleas and ticks sometimes show signs of toxicosis, such as tremors, hypersalivation, ataxia, vomiting, depression, and seizures. Signs usually appeared within hours of topical application, and females and juveniles seem to be the most sensitive groups. The demonstrated ability of N-N-diethyl-m-toluamide to enhance the dermal absorption of fenvalerate is the probable cause of toxicosis (Dorman et al. 1990). 

Topical aerosol treatment of fenvalerate plus Deet (N-N-diethyl-m-toluamide) to control fleas and ticks... 

Dorman, D.C., W.B. Buck, H.L. Trammel, R.D. Jones, and V.R. Beasley. 1990. Fenvalerate/AQV-diethyl-m-toluamide (Deet) toxicosis in two cats. Jour. Amer. Veterin. Med. Assoc. 196 100-102. 

W. G. Taylor, R. W. Spooner, Identification and Gas Chromatographic Determination of Some Carboxylic Acid Metabolites of V,V-Diethyl-m-Toluamide in Rat Urine , J. Ag-ric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 1422-1427. 

Repellents are materials that affect insects and other organisms by disrupting their natural behavior of bloodseeking through biting of humans and animals, and are the first line of defense that can be readily used for this purpose (1). The best overall standard repellent is A/,N-diethyl-m-toluamide [134-62-3] (DEET), systematically named N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (1). 

As recently reviewed by Gupta and Garge (2002), there are some materials known to penetrate the skin readily and appear to be capable of acting as penetration enhancers for certain selected drugs. These enhancers sometimes work more effectively in the presence of solvents such as ethanol or propylene glycol. A well-known example is the use of the insect repelent DEET (N,N diethyl-m-toluamide) as an enhancer for corticosteroids or the use of isopropyl myristate and propylene glycol for diclofenac sodium. Indeed, cyclodextrins have also been employed as penetration enhancers for hydrocortisone although how this system functions is not easy to visualize (see later section on cyclodextrins). 

N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide. an insect repellent (from compounds with 7 carbons or fewer)... 

Synonym. Deet Proprietary Name. Autan A A -Diethyl-m-toluamide Ci2HnNO=191.3 CAS—134-62-3... 

Abu-Qare, A.W., Suliman, H.B., Abou-Donia, M.B. (2001). Induction of urinary excretion of 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of oxidative stress, following administration of pyridostigmine bromide, DEBT (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and permetbrin, alone and in combination in rats. Toxicol. Lett. 121 127-34. 

Baynes, R.E., Hailing, K.B., Riviere, J.E. (1997). The influence of diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) on the percutaneous absorption of permethrin and carbaryl. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 144 332-9. 

Human dermally applied insecticides such as Cutter, DEFT, Off Skintastic and others may contain NjAT-diethyl-m-toluamide up to 35%. They are generally safe at the recommended doses. Several case examples have reported symptoms in children receiving higher and frequent doses, especially of DEFT, of disorientation, slurred speech, flexing of... 

Synonyms Detamide Autan I-Delphene Meta-delphene Black Flag Tabarad Delphene Dielt-amide Flypel Muskol Naugatuck Det Off 612 Plus Jungle plus Pellit BETA DET N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class Methyl benzamide repellent Chemical Structure ... 

Recently, Olson et al. (2000) and Benschop et al. (1998) have provided reports of animal studies of effects of repeated low-level exposure to nerve CWA. In rats, Olson et al. determined the LOAEL and NOEL of subacute dosages of sarin, administered, i.m. They found that the dose of sarin (GB) needed to produce a low but measurable blood ChE inhibition was 0.75 p-g/kg once a day for 4 days. Thus, the exposure in Olson s study would be described as subclinical. GB was paired with a variety of other chemicals to include chlorpyrifos, DEET (A,A-diethyl-m-toluamide), carbaryl, and PB. No neurobehavioral or neuropathologic effects could be attributable to dosing with GB alone or in any combination with the other chemicals. Rats were also evaluated using a functional observational battery (EOB) and a Eigure 8 Activity Monitor with no significant behavioral effects reported. Benschop et al. (1998) reported on the toxicokinetics of low-level inhalation exposure to soman in... 

Domb, A.J. et al., Insect repellent formulations of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in a liposphere system efficacy and skin uptake, Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 1995, 11, 29-34. 

More than 9000 chemicals were tested as repellents for mosquitoes and other biting flies, chiggers, fleas, and ticks before 1960, primarily for military use (Smith et al., 1960). N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) proved to be the most outstanding all-purpose individual repellent and is still the most useful substance today. 

Jones, W.A. and Jacobson, M. 1968. Isolation of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) from female pink bollworm moths. Science, 159, 99-100. 

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