Lupinus mutabilis

Aniszewski, T., Drozdov, S. N., Kholoptseva, E. S., Kurets, V. K., Obshatko, L. A., Popov, E. G. and Talanov, A. V. 2001. Effects of light and temperature parameters on net photosynthetic carbondioxide fixation by whole plants of five lupin species Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus mutabilis Sweet, and Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, 51 17-27. 

Williams, W., Harrison, J. E. M. and Jayasekera, S. 1984. Genetic control of alkaloid production in Lupinus mutabilis on the effect of a mutant alle mutal isolated following chemical mutagenesis. Euphytica, 33 811-817. 

Dini, I., Schettino, O., and Dini, A., Studies on the constituents of Lupinus mutabilis (Fabaceae). Isolation and characterization of two new isoflavonoid derivatives. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46, 5089, 1998. 

Gross, R., von Baer, E., Koch, F., Marquard, R., Trugo, L., Wink, M. Chemical composition of a new variety of the Andean Lupin (Lupinus mutabilis cv. Inti) with low-alkaloid content. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 1, (1988) 353-361. 

Hatzold, T., Elmadfa, I., Gross, R., Wink, M., Hartmann, T., Witte, L. Quinolizidine alkaloids in seeds of Lupinus mutabilis. J. Agric. Food Chem., 31, (1983) 934-938. 

Beirao da Costa, M. L., Lupins as raw material for alternative products in human nutrition., Agriculture - Agrimed research Programme - Lupinus mutabilis its adaptation and production under European pedoclimatic conditions. Proc. of a Workshop held in Cascais. Portugal, 26-27 April 1991, Commission of the European Communities, 1992. 

Neves-Martins, J. M. Characterization in Lupinus albus and Lupinus mutabilis populations types. Proc. of VII International Lupin Conference, Advances in Lupin Research, Evora 18-23 April, I.S.A. ed. 1994. 

Lopez de Romana G, Graham GG, Morales E, Massa E, MacLean WC Jr (1983). Protein quality and oil digestibility of Lupinus mutabilis metabolic studies in children. J. Nutr., 113 773-778. 

Lupinus mutabilis Sweet. (105) Lupinus niger Pharm. (77)... 

Lupinus mutabilis (family Leguminosae Papilionoideae) Commonly known as tarwai or pearl lupin, it is native to the Andes and is only grown... 

From the genus Lupinus more than 400 species ate known, but only four have been domesticated and are of agronomic and commercial interest Lupinus albus (white lupin), Lupinus angustifolius (narrow leaf or blue lupin), Lupinus luteus (yellow lupin), and Lupinus mutabilis (Andean lupin). 

Hatzold T, Ehnadfa I, Gross R, Wink M, Hartmann T, Witte L (1983) Quinolizidine alkaloids in seeds of Lupinus mutabilis. J Agric Food Chem 31 934-938... 

Has been used for food and feed in both the eastern and western hemispheres. Its seed contain 30-40% protein and 17-23% fat, so, like soybeans, lupine is a high-protein seed as well as a potential oil source (Salunkhe et al, 1992). The fatty acid composition of Lupinus mutabilis is reported to be 1% myristate, 13% palmitate, 1% palmitoleate, 5% stearate, 42% oleate, 34% linoleate and 3% linolenate. The protein is rich in lysine and has good nutritional properties. Lupines contain bitter, toxic alkaloids that limit their appeal. Lupine seeds can be debittered by washing with water. There are sweet lupine varieties that are free of alkaloids, but these varieties contain much less oil. 

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