Lung growth

Tang, J. R., Markham, N. E., Lin, Y. J., McMurtry, I. F., Maxey, A., et al. 2004. Inhaled nitric oxide attenuates pulmonary hypertension and improves lung growth in infant rats after neonatal treatment with a VEGF receptor inhibitor. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 287 L344— L351. 

Lung growth continues until approximately 18 years in females and 20-23 years in males. 

Abnormal nutrient delivery may also have an effect on lung growth and development. Subtle deficiencies of vitamin A can affect airway branching and lung epithelial cell differentiation [46]. There are additional effects of vitamin A depletion on surfactant protein production which in turn could affect airway host defence [47]. Collectively, these phenomena are viewed as key abnormalities in asthma. There is, therefore, a potential for aberrant nutrient delivery to have an impact not only on IgE sensitisation to allergen but also on airway development. Clearly further research is required in this area. 

Two additional host factors that may influence the risk of COPD include airway hyperresponsiveness and lung growth. Individuals with airway hyperresponsiveness to various inhaled particles may have an accelerated decline in lung function compared with those without airway hyperresponsiveness. Additionally, individuals who do not attain maximal lung growth owing to low birth weight, prematurity at birth, or childhood illnesses may be at risk for COPD in the future. ... 

The exposure of children during fetal development and early postnatal life to air pollutants is associated with low birth weight, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital defects, preterm and infant mortality, decreased lung growth, increased rates of respiratory tract infections, childhood asthma,... 

Mueller MP, Thet LA. Changes in lung glycosaminoglycans during postre-sectional lung growth. J Appl Physiol 1987 63 1033-1039. 

While most of our knowledge about prenatal lung growth comes from structural studies, information about postnatal growth has been largely derived from... 

Shannon JM, Deterding RR. Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in lung development. In McDonald JA, ed. Lung Growth and Development. New York Marcel Dekker, 1997 81-118. 

Merkus PJFM, ten llave-Opbroek A AW, Quanjer PH. Human lung growth a review. Pediatr Pulmonol 1996 21 383-397. 

Langston C, Kida C, Reed M, Thurlbeck WM. Human lung growth in late gestation and in the neonate. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984 129 607-613. 

Zeltner TB, Caduff JH, Gehr P, Pfenninger J, Burri PH. The postnatal development and growth of the human lung I. Morphometry Respir Physiol 1986 67 247-267. Thurlbeck WM. Postnatal human lung growth. Thorax 1982 37 564-571. 

Helms PJ. Lung growth implications for the development of disease. Thorax 1994 49 440-441. 

Cooper DM, Mellins RB, Mansell AL. Changes in distribution of ventilation with lung growth. J Appl Physiol 1981 51 699-705. 

Sherrill D, Holberg CJ, Lebowitz MD. Differential rates of lung growth as measured longitudinally by pulmonary function in children and adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol 1990 8 145-154. 

Hibbert M, Lannigan A, Raven 1, Landau L, Phelan P. Gender differences in lung growth. Pediatr Puhnonol 1995 19 129-134. 

Shaheen SO, Barker DIP. Early lung growth and chronic airflow obstruction. Thorax 1994 49 533-536. 

Wong YC, Beaidsmore CS, Silverman M. Antenatal dexamethasone and subsequent lung growth. Arch Dis Child 1982 57 536-538. 

Tschanz SA, Damke BM, Burri PH. Influence of postnataUy administered glucocorticoids on rat lung growth. Biol Neonate 1995 68 229-245. 

Hislop A, Wigglesworth JS, Desai R, Abet V. The effects of preterm delivery and mechanical ventilation on human lung growth. Early Hum Dev 1987 15 147-164. 

Buist AS, VoUmer WM. Prospective investigations in asthma what have we learned from longitudinal studies about lung growth and senescence in asthma Chest 1987 91 119s-126s. 

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