Lumen filling

No adverse effects in 40 mg/kg BW group. High dose groups had skin damage (atrophy, acanthosis, hyperkeratinization) and testicular damage (abnormal seminiferous tubules, tubular lumens filled with degenerated sperm)... 

Schneider, M.H., Brebner, K.I. and Hartley, I.D. (1991). Swelling of a ceU lumen filled and a cell-wall bulked wood polymer composite in water. Wood and Fiber Science, 23(2), 165-172. 

Cream colored vessel lumen fillings (Figure 9) [IV]... 

Southern pine with a dual treatment of chemical modification with butylene oxide or butyl isocyanate followed by lumen-fill treatment with methyl methacrylate, or southern pine impregnated with methyl methacrylate and polymerized in situ, resulted in modified woods that were resistant to accelerated weathering and to ultraviolet light alone. Physical, chemical, and microscopic changes occurring as a result of ultraviolet light irradiation are described. 

Outer = 0,5 mm thickness of exposed surface Inner = portion under exposed surface. 2/ Bonded = chemically bonded Filled = lumen-filled modification. 

The thyroid gland is made up of multiple follicles that consist of a single layer of epithelial cells surrounding a lumen filled with colloid (thyroglobulin), the storage form of thyroid hormone. A diagram of the steps in thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion is shown in Figure 25.6. 

Chemical modification will be defined for this chapter as any chemical reaction between some reactive part of a wood cell wall component and a simple single chemical reagent, with or without catalyst, that forms a covalent bond between the two components. This excludes in situ polymerizations of monomers in the lumen structure of the wood and those reactions that result in cell wall-penetrating polymer systems that do not result in any cell wall attachment. It is well known that lumen-filling polymer treatment results in large improvements in mechanical properties, but these are mainly a result of the properties of the new polymer introduced [ 1 ]. 

The thyroid gland consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus and is positioned on the ventral surface of the trachea just below the larynx. It receives adrenergic fibers from the cervical ganglion and cholinergic fibers from the vagus and is profusely vascularized by the superior and inferior thyroid arteries. Histologically, thyroid tissue is composed of numerous follicles lined by a single layer of epithelial cells around a lumen filled with proteinaceous material called colloid. 

The types of chemical treatments involved in the conservation of archaeological wood are (i) lumen-filling treatments that fill the spaces within the wood with an inert chemical to provide structural support and prevent collapse, (ii) bulking treatments that enter the cell walls and reduce cell wall shrinkage, and (iii) surface coatings that cover the surface of a dry object. 

Lumen-filling chemicals used by conservators include high molecular weight, solvent-based polymers such as styrene, methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate. These are usually polymerised by heat or gamma irradiation. The problem with these chemicals is that they produce a composite object in which a significant part is the polymer. This often results in a considerable increase in object density. 

Fig. 5.9a,b. Closed-loop obstruction in segmental small bowel volvulus, a The proximal dilated loops of bowel show intraluminal fluid with microbubbles of air seen as echogenic dots, b Section through the loops of closed loop show the lumen filled with... 

The leaves of the palmyra palm of India, used for centuries as writing paper, contain beautiful siliceous concretions. The endocarp of the ivory nut contains a layer of elongated cells assembled in palisade-like formation, each cell having a funnel-shaped lumen filled with silica. Prison developed a method for preparing specimens for optical examination so that the beautifully formed spines of silica, each covered with still finer spines, could be readily observed by microscopists. Siliceous concretions also appear in the endocarp of the coconut and in coco flbcr, bass fiber, and Manila hemp. ... 

Fig. 3.4. a Supine axial view of the ascending colon demonstrates greater than 50% of the lumen filled with fluid, b Prone axial view in the same patient demonstrates the large adenomatous polyp that would have been missed if dual-position imaging had not been performed, c Prone three-dimensional cube view shows the same large irregular adenomatous polyp... 

Fig. 16.3a-d. Hypothetical density of lumen versus plaque on representative cross-sections, a The coronary lumen (filled with an iodine contrast agent at 400 HU) is surrounded by soft plaque and epicardial fat. The problem zone in this situation is the delineation of soft plaque versus epicardial fat b Part of the soft plaque structures are densely calcified. The calcified plaque with a density of 700 HU is oversized due to partial volrnne averaging, but delineation against the lumen is not compromised by contrast issues, c For a hypothetical plaque structure at an initial stage of calcification (Hounsfield units... 

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