Lubricants plasticisers

Antiblock additives Antifungal agents Antioxidants Antistatic agents Bactericidal agents Brighteners and whiteners Colorants Expanding agents Impact improvers Lubricants Plasticisers... 

Polymer formulations usually include one or more compounds such as antioxidants, secondary antioxidants, antistatic additives, light stabilisers, lubricants, plasticisers, stabilisers, slip and antiblock agents. In addition, the polymer and hence the extractant liquid might contain other substances not deliberately added such as unreacted monomers, residual polymerisation solvents and catalysts. The result is that practical extractants from such plastics can contain very low concentrations of several very different types of substances which may or may not mutually interfere with each other during these subsequent analyses and one or more of which it may be necessary to determine. 

The standard grades are PA6, PA66 and PA12 but there area also many speciality grades available including lubricated, plasticised, flame retardant and, perhaps most common of all, glass filled. 

It has been seen that internal lubricants are essentially low molecular weight flow promoters which, unlike plasticisers, have little effect on the... 

It is found that the viscosity of a paste made from a fixed polymer/plasticiser ratio depends to a great extent on the particle size and size distribution. In essence, in order to obtain a low-viscosity paste, the less the amount of plasticiser required to fill the voids between particles the better. Any additional plasticiser present is then available to act as a lubricant for the particles, facilitating their general mobility in suspension. Thus in general a paste polymer in which the pastes have a wide particle size distribution (but within the limit set by problems of plasticiser absorption and settling out, so that particles pack efficiently, will... 

In plasticised PVC the main function of a lubricant is to prevent sticking of the compound to processing equipment. This is brought about by selecting a material... 

Other ingredients may be added to prevent sticking to moulds (lubricants), to promote the curing reaction (accelerators), to improve the flow properties (plasticisers) and to colour the product (pigments). 

Worldwide consumption of performance additives (excluding plasticisers) grew from just over 2.7 mt in 1996 to 3.6 mt in 2001. Flame retardants make up 31 % of the volume and stabilisers, impact modifiers and lubricants each account for around 16-17%. Flame retardant markets (construction, E E devices, automotive) are headed for unprecedented development and change, being threatened by environmental, health... 

Plasticisers Lubricants/mould release agents Organic peroxides Slip agents... 

Soxtherm can be used for a variety of substrates, such as plasticisers, and additives in plastics and rubber, fibre and textile coatings, colorants on textiles, fat in food, oils and lubricants, fertiliser coatings, etc. Specific reports are scarce. EPA method 3541 has adopted automated Soxhlet extraction [151]. 

Reversed-phase TLC has been applied to identify antioxidants and plasticisers [394], zinc dialkyldithio-phosphates and polymer additives in lubrication oil... 

Natural or synthetic, mostly low-MW molecules that reduce or suppress microbe populations in plastics. Specialised products (both organic and inorganic) which tend to be used most in plasticised materials such as PVC and polyurethanes, as well as in rubber articles. The main cause of microbial growth is the additives themselves plasticisers, starch fillers, lubricants, thickening agents and oils. 

Many common polymers, polymeric additives and lubricants oxidise so rapidly after impact in liquid oxygen that they are hazardous. Of those tested, only acrylonitrile-butadiene, poly(cyanoethylsiloxane), poly(dimethylsiloxane) and polystyrene exploded after impact of 6.8-95 J intensity (5-70 ft.lbf). All plasticisers (except dibutyl sebacate) and antioxidants examined were very reactive. A theoretical treatment of rates of energy absorption and transfer is included [1], Previously, many resins and lubricants had been examined similarly, and 35 were found acceptable in liquid oxygen systems [2],... 

Lubricants can be classified as internal or external lubricants. Internal lubricants should be partially miscible with the polymer at processing temperatures (i.e., behave similar to a plasticiser), but phase separate at ordinary temperatures. Whereas plasticisers are completely miscible with the bulk polymer, lubricants have a limited solubility. 

Most trading polymers contain a variety of additives, e.g., plasticisers, lubricants, stabilisers, etc., and it is these additives that promote bacterial attack on the polymer. At the same time, degradation by other routes provides pathways for bacterial attack by creating hydrophilic surfaces. Because many industrial and domestic services are supplied by underground plastic pipes and cables, care must be taken when choosing additives to make sure that the polymer is not vulnerable to attack. 

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