Lubricant base oils, miscibility

In order to be used as an additive in various types of textile lubricants, surfactants should have high miscibility with base oils as well as the other fundamental surfactant characteristics such as lubricity improving ability and antistatic properties. Table XVI shows the miscibility of C a gAE vari°us lubricant base oils in comparison with that of NPE(IOEO). Good miscibility of SAE can be seen in the Table. Further information, including practical examples, is contained1 in Union Carbide Corp. s booklet on Tergitol 15-S nonionics(20). 

ILs have attracted considerable attention in the field of tribology because of their remarkable lubrication and antiwear capabilities compared to lubrication oils, fit recent years, ILs have been applied and yielded excellent performance compared to traditional lubricants, but they have a number of problems, such as corrosion, oxidation instability, and very poor miscibility with base oil. These factors limit their industrial applications as lubricants [2]. Fortunately, these problems are not very difficult to address, as ILs have structures that may easily be modified. Conferring ILs with special functions, such as antioxidation and anticorrosion properties and enhanced capability for specific substrates, may be easily performed by synthetic chemists. It is hoped that future work on ILs will produce multifunctional lubricants with oxidation and corrosion resistance that may be applied in the industrial scale [2, 100]. 

Coolant Cutting lubricant Cutting oil Metalworking fluid Water-based cutting fluid Water-miscible cutting fluid... 

A distinction for coolants is drawn between non-water-miscible (base oils with and without additives) and water-miscible coolants (oil in water emulsions or solutions). In general non-water-miscible coolants have much better lubricating properties than water-miscible coolants but comparatively bad cooling properties. Water-miscible coolants have opposite qualities. The support of coolant to the area of contact has to be set up for every specific grinding task with the right quantity,... 

EO-based fluids are t5 ically waxy and have poor low temperature properties. They have high water miseibility and are typieally used to formulate water-based lubricants, especially fire-resistant hydraulie oil. PO-based fluids are excellent lubricant base stocks with high VI and low pour point. They have lower solubility in water than EO-based fluids but are not oil miscible. 

A further interfacial factor can be the presence of non adsorbable or non desorbable contaminating films (as previously mentioned above) at the interface. Such materials can be oils, fatty acids, plasticisers from the rubber and metal processing oils from inadequately cleaned metal components. Some of these lubricants can be absorbed by the adhesive if it is solvent-based but in the case of the new waterborne rubber to metal systems this absorption cannot take place, for the systems are neither miscible or compatible with oils. These new waterborne systems have a critical tolerance level for surface contamination of the metal and if this is exceeded then wetting out of the metal by the adhesive will not, at the worst be possible, or at the best complete. 

Miscellaneous Plasticizers. Hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons belong mainly to the secondary plasticizer type. Aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are used as extenders coumarone-indene resins and coal tar oils are miscible with rubber and slightly miscible with vinyl polymers. Alkylnaphtha-lenes are used as lubricants for vinylic polymers. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are used as secondary plasticizers in PVC, rubber or cellulose acetate-based blends to increase the resistance to inflammation. 

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