Louisiana samples

In 1971 and 1972, mirex was detected in soil and sediment samples taken from areas in Louisiana and Mississippi that had been aerially treated with mirex to control the imported red fire ant (Spence and Markin 1974). In Louisiana, samples were collected throughout the first year after spraying. Soil and sediment residues in the Louisiana study peaked after 1 month (soil, 2.5 pg/kg [ppb] sediment, 0.7 pg/kg [ppb]) and gradually declined over the remainder of the year. In Mississippi, samples were collected for 4 months following spraying. Sediment residues in Mississippi also peaked about 1 month after spraying (1.1 pg/kg [ppb]) and gradually declined over the next couple of months. The... 

Figure 5. lH NMR spectra of dissolved humic substances (A) from the Ohio River at Olmsted, Illinois and (B) from the Mississippi River near St Fran-dsville, Louisiana sampled July-August 1987. 

Figure 6. H NMR spectra of dissolved humic substances from (A) the Illinois River at Hardin, Illinois (B) the Arkansas River at Pendleton, Arkansas and (C) the Mississippi River downstream from Belle Chasse, Louisiana sampled...

The model was applied to a sample problem for the Beaumont, Texas/Lake Charles, Louisiana region. 

Figure 4. Dust and electrostatic sampling location in the Composition B screening and bin loading operation of Building 1611, Louisiana AAP.

Figure 5. Dust and electrostatic sample locations in the drilling operation of Building 1619, Louisiana AAP.

Heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide were detected in water column samples at different depths in Lake Pontchartrain in New Orleans, Louisiana. Heptachlor was detected in the 1.5-meter ebb- and flood- tide samples and in the 10-meter flood-tide samples at concentrations of 0.6, 9.1, and 9.3 ppt, respectively. Heptachlor epoxide was detected in the 1.5-meter ebb- and flood-tide samples and in the 10-meter flood-tide sample at concentrations of 2, 3.9, or 2.5 ppt, respectively (McFall et al. 1985). 

Adipose tissue samples from various body parts of people living in northeast Louisiana, an area of heavy agriculture, were taken during pathological examination. Heptachlor epoxide levels in the individual tissue samples ranged from 20 to 790 ppb (average=239 ppb) for the 1980 study and from 60 to 220 ppb (average=159 ppb) from adipose tissue samples taken from other donors for the 1984 study (Holt et al. 1986). 

Dichlorobenzene (all isomers) was identified in 100% of 42 samples of human breast milk collected in 5 urban areas of the United States at concentrations of 0.04-68 ppb (Erickson et al. 1980). Dichlorobenzene (all isomers) was identified in human breast milk in 8 of 12 women who were residents of Bayonne, New Jersey (6 women), Jersey City, New Jersey (2 women), Bridgeville, Pennsylvania (2 women), and Baton Rouge, Louisiana (2 women) however, concentrations were not specifred (Pellizzari et al. 1982). 

Sample Collection. Multiple samples of PM2 5 that were used in the mechanistic studies were collected at the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality station 0.1 mi from Interstate highway I-IO and 1.5 mi east of the junction of I-IO and 1-12 in Baton Rouge, LA, using the U.S. ERA protocol RFPS-0498-117 and a Rupprecht Patashnick Partisol-FRM model 2000 air sampler. Samples of PM 5 from the other four... 

Preparation of Shrimp. Each study used fresh head on, white shrimp (Penaeus setiferusl obtained from a local wholesale dealer in Delcambre, Louisiana and transported immediately on ice to Baton Rouge. Total transport time was l.S h. In the laboratory, shrimp were randomly segregated into 50-g samples and placed into polyethylene bags that were then heat sealed. The bags were randomly separated and stored at various temperatures. 

Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate was found at microgram-per-litre levels in two of five samples of finished water from a water-treatment plant in the United States (WHO, 1996). It was detected in finished drinking-water in New Orleans, Louisiana, at an average concentration of 0.10 pg/L but not in drinking-water in two smaller nearby cities (lARC, 1982). Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate was detected in the Delaware River at levels of 0.08-0.3 pg/L (Sheldon Hites, 1979). It has also been identified in Europe... 

Palmgren and Lee (1984) collected samples of grain dust (dust accumulated in the dust collection systems of grain elevators) from six grain elevators located in the New Orleans, Louisiana, area to evaluate potential occupational exposures of grain elevator personnel. Diazinon concentrations in grain dust were <0.01 pg/g for all 31 samples collected. The authors concluded that the concentration of diazinon on the grain dust posed no hazard. 

Our study was based on samples from 11 (Figure 1) 1000-foot core holes drilled in the Gulf of Mexico by four oil companies Humble, Chevron, Gulf, and Mobil. All cores are from the present continental slope within three morphological areas the Upper Continental Slope off Texas and Louisiana, the Upper Continental Slope off west Florida, and the upper reaches of the Mississippi Cone—a mass of sediment derived from drainage of the Mississippi River which has locally buried the continental-slope morphology. 

Variation among Sampling Sites. Dissolved humic substance samples from seven end-member environments were isolated for study. Autochthonous inputs to DOM were expected to dominate in Big Soda Lake and in Island Lake, which is a groundwater-sustained eutrophic lake in the sandhills of western Nebraska. Allochthonous inputs to DOM from a swamp environment predominate in the Suwannee River. They also dominate in the Calcasieu River in western Louisiana, but the proportion of swampland is much lower there. The Temi River is a tropical blackwater tributary of the Orinoco River in Venezuela, where allochthonous inputs dominate. The entire Sagavanirktok River basin is located north of the tree line on the North Slope of Alaska a mixture of allochthonous and autochthonous inputs was expected for the various rivers and lakes in this basin. Lastly, Hidden Lake Creek, which is the outlet of Hidden Lake on the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska, was sampled to determine if nutrient inputs from decaying salmon were contributing to primary production and autochthonous inputs to DOM. 

During the first five sampling cruises on the Mississippi River near its mouth below Belle Chasse, Louisiana, the correlations among peak spectral ratios, discharge, and suspended sediment concentrations were measured... 

In a summary of 1975-1979 data on fish tissue from EPA s STORET database, the mean concentration of silver in 221 samples was 0.225 mg/kg (wet weight total fish), with a range of 0.004-1.900 mg/kg (Scowetal. 1981). In Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana (which is likely to receive substantial inputs of metals from municipal and agricultural activities) silver concentrations in clams and American oyster tissues were 0.4-2.4 mg/kg and 5.5 mg/kg (all dry weight), respectively (Byrne and DeLeon 1986). 

Only a few surveys have been done to measure toxaphene residues in agricultural soils. Carey et al. [27,28] surveyed cropland in the United States in 1971, collecting 1473 soil samples in 37 states that covered the eastern, southern and mid-western portion of the country and four western states California, Oregon, Washington and Idaho. Results have been summarized by Li et al. [26]. Only 33 of the sites reported toxaphene use and 92 soil samples were positive. The maximum and arithmetic mean of positive samples were 36 330 and 281 ngg-1 dry weight, respectively. Soil surveys have recently been done at farms in Alabama in 1996 and 1999-2000 [29-31], Louisiana and Texas in 1999 [29,30] and Georgia and South Carolina in 1999 [32]. Total toxaphene concentrations in the latter studies ranged from < 3-6500 ngg-1 (Table 2), and residues appeared to be log-normally distributed [29]. 

Fig.4 Individual Potential Source Contribution Function maps for toxaphene (A) Michigan (B) Indiana (C) Arkansas (D) Louisiana from Hoh and Hites [45]. Dark red represents PSCF values from 0.91 to 1.0, with shades of pink ranging down to 0.61 by tenths, and white represents from 0.41 to 0.60. Dark blue represents 0-0.10, with shades of blue ranging up to 0.40 by tenths. The green star in each map represents the sampling site. [Reproduced with permission from ACS]...

---