Lodoxamide cells

Lodoxamide Mast cell stabilizer May be used for up to 3 months... 

Lodoxamide (Alomide) Mast cell stabilizer Ophth soln 0.1% [10 mL] ... 

Pharmacology Lodoxamide is a mast cell stabilizer that inhibits the in vivo Type I immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Although lodoxamide s precise mechanism of action is unknown, the drug may prevent calcium influx into mast cells upon antigen stimulation. 

Lodoxamide (Alomide) [Antihistamine] U e V nal conjunc-Action Stabilizes mast cells Dose Adults Feds >2 y. 1-2 gtt in eye(s) qid = 3 mo Caution [B, ] Disp Soln SE Ocular burning, stinging, HA EMS None OD Unlikely... 

Hypotension induced by APNEA could be blocked by the mast cell stabilizing agents, disodium cromoglycate and lodoxamide. 

Topical mast cell stabilisers are best used for prophylaxis of allergic eye symptoms. Sodium cromoglicate is effective in most people. Lodoxamide and nedocromil are more expensive, but may be worth trying in people with inadequate response to sodium cromoglicate. Mr JA cannot use eye drops because he wears contact lenses therefore nasal corticosteroids are recommended. 

Type I immune responses are inhibited by mast cell stabilizers. They play an important role, both historically and currently, in the treatment of various allergic eye diseases. Included in this group are cromolyn sodium, lodoxamide, nedocromil, and pemirolast (Table 13-6). 

Although lodoxamide has a mechanism of action similar to that of cromolyn, this compound is 2,500 times more potent in its ability to inhibit mediator release. In addition to its mast cell stabilization effect, clinical improvement with the drug is also associated with inhibition of eosinophil migration and decrease in levels of leukotrienes (LTB4 and LTC4) and other inflammatory cells after allergen exposure. 

Mast cell stabilizers include cromolyn sodium 4% (Opticrom, Crolom) and lodoxamide tromethamine 0.1% (Alomide), which are currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for VKC but offer off-label relief for allergic conjunctivitis. Other mast cell stabilizers include pemirolast (Alamast) and nedocromil sodium 2% (Alocril), with both approved for treatment of itching in allergic conjunctivitis. Perennial allergic conjunctivitis may be treated with mast cell stabilizers year round. 

Sodium cromoglicate and lodoxamide are mast cell stabilisers. Both are used four times daily and are suitable for children. 

Lodoxamide, a substance that stabilizes mast cells and has antiallergic properties (1 to 2 drops of 0.1% solution into each affected eye), is used in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, and vernal keratitis. 

The anti-allergy drugs, cromolyn sodium and lodoxamide tromethamine show in vitro dose responses which are bell-shaped or biphasic in mast cells. The nature of the biphasic dose response is poorly understood however, through the use of specific antagonists it has been possible to show that at the high concentrations of these drugs leading to enhanced histamine release or... 

The Effect of Muscarinic Blockers on the DSCXS and Lodoxamide Tromethamine Dose Response in Rat Mast Cell... 

The cholinergic stimulation by lodoxamide tromethamine was time and dose-related. Both inhibition of mediator release (5 yg/ml) and high-dose enhancement of release (500 yg/ml) were near maximal at 4 to 10 min (Fig. 2). The high dose also caused the accumulation of cGMP in P815 mastocytoma cells and the time of maximal stimulation was 6 to 12 min after < rug was added (27). 

Figure 1. Dose response for DSCG (A) or lodoxatmde (B) in FicoU-purified rat mast cells vs. 48/80-induced histamme release. Atropine loas added to incubations (25°C) 5 min before DSCG or lodoxamide.DSCG or lodoxamide was prepared in distilled water and added immediately before 48/80. Histamine was determined in supernatants by an automated Technicon histamine assay and was compared to histamine content of boiled cells (boiled in O.JN HCl for complete release). The results are expressed as net histamine release. ((A) Atrophine jO M alone inhibited 48/80 release 2.8% 0.5 pg/ mL 48180—26.8%histamine release)...

Fisure 2. Kinetics of cholinergic stimulation (enhanced histamine release) at high lodoxamide concentrations (SOO/ig/mL) and inhibition of histamine release at low concentrations (Sjj /mL). Ficoll-purified mast cells were incubated for various time periods with lodoxamide followed by 48j80. The mixture was filtered over Mdl ore S-jurn filters to stop the reaction. The filter was washed with 15 mL of phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2. The wash and filtrate were collected and analyzed for released histamine, and the release assay was compared to total levels in acid-boiled cell mixtures. 

Xanthine oxidase is a well known source of Oj. Rat pulmonary artery endothehal cells were found to have 53 8.57 units/10 cells of total xanthine oxidase -I- xanthine dehydrogenase activity, one unit defined as the conversion of 1 % of the substrate to product in 30 min of incubation (Phan et al. 1989). Xanthine oxidase comprised 31.6 3.1 % of this total activity. Addition of human neutrophils stimulated with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate caused a rapid and dose-dependent increase in rat pulmonary artery endothelial cell xanthine oxidase activity from 31.6 3.1% to 71.7 4.8% of total without altering total (xanthine oxidase + xanthine dehydrogenase) activity. Allopurinol, oxypurinol, and lodoxamide inhibited both enzyme conversion and cytotoxicity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, or deferoxamine failed to do so. 

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