LLDPE linear low-density

LDPE = low density polyethylene LLDPE = linear low density polyethylene HDPE = high density polyethylene PP = polypropylene PVC = polyvinyl chloride PS = polystyrene ABS = polyacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. 

LLDPE linear low density polyethylene N Newton (force)... 

LLDPE Linear low-density polyethylene PFPAE Perfluoropolyalkyl ether... 

The general structure of linear low density polyethylene is shown in Fig. 18.2 c). Linear low density resins are copolymers of ethylene and 1-alkenes principally 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene. Comonomer levels range from approximately 2 to 8 mole %. This family of polyethylene is widely known as LLDPE. Linear low density polyethylenes are polydisperse with regard to molecular weight and branch distribution. 

AFM Atomic force microscopy aPP Atactic polypropylene DSC Differential scanning calorimetry HDPE High-density polyethylene iPP Isotactic polypropylene LLDPE Linear low-density polyethylene MD Microdomain ODT Order-disorder transition PB Poly(butadiene)... 

In this chapter we will discuss a few topics in the area of alkene polymerisations catalysed by homogeneous complexes of early and late transition metals (ETM, LTM). One of the main research themes for the ETM catalysts has been the polymerisation of propene, while industries have also paid a lot of attention to metallocenes giving LLDPE (linear low-density polyethylene, for thinner plastic bags). In less than a decade a completely new family of catalysts has been developed which enables one to synthesise regioselective and stereoselective polymers of a wide variety of monomers. These new catalysts are starting to find application on industrial scale, but as yet only reports on commercialisation of (branched) polyethylene and polystyrene have appeared. 

The lions share, 80-90%, of the alpha olefins produced in. the United States are used In five areas as comonomers in LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) and HDPE (high density polyethylene), plasticizer alcohols, polyalpha olefins for use in synthetic lubricants, detergent alcohols, and surfactants. The comonomer demand started out exclusively as butene-1, but it is shifting toward hexene-1 and octene-1. Similarly, the specification... 

LLDPE - linear low density polyethylene ethylene and butene 1 or other low molecular weight alpha olefins... 

DPE (linear low-density polyethylene),LLDPE (linear low-density polyethylene),623 LOD (limits of detection), 625 Lone pairs... 

The different available high pressure polymerisation processes of polyethylene (PE) yield LDPE (low density PE), LLDPE (linear low density PE) and copolymer features of the same. The various process variations have been developed during recent decades and introduced a number of well developed steps and devices to achieve safe and economical operating conditions at the very high reaction pressures of 1500 to 3000 bar. 

Fig. I. Schematic diagram of polymer structures (a) linear (h) cross-linked and (c) branched, where LDPE — low density polyethylene and LLDPE — linear low density polyethylene.

In 1978 Union Carbide reported a special manufacturing process called Unipol that gave linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). Linear low-density polyethylene may contain small amounts of butene or octene as co-monomers. The structural differences between HDPE, LDPE, and LLDPE are shown schematically in Fig. 6.1. These structural features determine physical properties such as elasticity, crystallinity, melt-flow index, etc. of the resultant polymers. 

LDPE, Low density polyethylene LLDPE, Linear low density polyethylene HDPE, High density polyethylene PP, Polypropylene PVC, Polyvinyl chloride GPS, General purpose polystyrene HIPS, High impact polystyrene SAN, Styrene acrylonitrile ABS, Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene PC, Polycarbonate PA, Polyamide PET, Polyethylene terephthalate. 

Energx A process for making LLDPE (linear low-density polyethylene). Developed by Eastman Chemical in the 1990s and used at its plant in Longview, TX. Licensed to Chevron Chemical in 1999 for use at its plant in Baytown, TX. By 2002, licenses had been granted in Europe, North America, and Asia. A variation, Energx-DCX, uses a supported catalyst (Sylopol DCX) made by W.R. Grace. The polyethylene products have the trade name Hifor. 

Figure 1 Polymer enchainment patterns occurring in polyethylene (PE), ethylene-propylene copolymer (EP), and polypropylene (PP) chains (HDPE = crystalline high-density polyethylene, LLDPE — linear low-density polyethylene, LDPE = low-density polyethylene, EP rubber = elastomeric ethylene-propylene copolymer).

Copolymers of ethylene with a-olefins, such as the short-chain branched LLDPE (linear low-density polyethylene) impact materials or the EPD (ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer) rubbers represent major percentages of the total polyolefin production, due to their desirable mechanical properties. Solid-state MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts however, have unfavourable reactivity... 

Both 1-butene and 2-butene can be used as a monomer for specialist polymers. Of interest to integrated cracking and polymer production operations is 1-butene for co-polymerisation with ethylene to produce LLDPE (linear low-density polyethylene/. For ethane cracking operations where the C4 stream maybe insufficient, 1-butene can be made by from ethylene by dimerisation. ... 

The butyrate or octanoate copolymer and butyrate or hexanoate or decanoate terpolymer have properties similar to those of higher-grade LLDPE (linear low-density polyethylene) and higher-grade PET (polyethylene terephthalate). They can be molded or converted into films, fibers, and nonwoven fabrics. The biopolymer is produced by low-cost fermentation or from wastestream substrates. 

PP, polypropylene PS, polystyrene HDPE, high-density poylethylene EVA, ethylene vinyl acetate ABS, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene SMA, styrene maleic anhydride LDPE, low-density polyethylene LLDPE, linear low-density polyethylene. (From Ref. f)... 

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