Liver fatty infiltration

Rat Liver fatty infiltration with aortic intimal sclerosis. Development of ethanol enhanced fatty liver Coagulopathy and increased mortality ... 

Fatty infiltration of the liver. In this pathology, the triglyceride concentration in the liver is 10-fold superior to the norm. The accumulation of fat in the cyto-plasm of hepatic cells leads to an impaired liver function. The causes of this pathol-ogy are numerous one of these may be a deficiency in lipotropic factors and the associated therewith synthesis of excess triglycerides. 

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) deficiency is distinctly rare and even more devastating clinically than deficiencies of glucose-6-phosphatase or fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. PEPCK activity is almost equally distributed between a cytosolic form and a mitochondrial form. These two forms have similar molecular weights but differ by their kinetic and immunochemical properties. The cytosolic activity is responsive to fasting and various hormonal stimuli. Hypoglycemia is severe and intractable in the absence of PEPCK [12]. A young child with cytosolic PEPCK deficiency had severe cerebral atrophy, optic atrophy and fatty infiltration of liver and kidney. 

In the drinking water of rats, 137 and 165mg/l /day of chlorodibromomethane for 90 days produced mild toxicity in the liver the observed vacuolar changes due to fatty infiltration were reversible after a 90-day recovery period." ... 

Rabbits died from exposure to 5000 ppm for 3 hours, but 10,000 ppm for 1 hour was not lethal. Effects were conjunctival irritation, lacrimation, slow respiration with some rales, incoordination, ataxia, and weakness. Autopsy of animals exposed to lethal concentrations revealed severe fatty infiltration of the liver and moderate kidney damage. ... 

Adverse gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, metallic taste, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea) occur in up to 20% of individuals taking metformin this can be minimized by starting at a low dose and slowly titrating the dose upward with food. Like phenformin, metformin can cause lactic acidosis, but its occurrence is rare except when renal failure, hypoxemia, or severe congestive heart failure is present or when coadministered with alcohol. Metformin is also contraindicated in persons with hepatic dysfunction, but it appears to be safe for use in the hepatic steatosis that often occurs with fatty infiltration of the liver in poorly controlled type II diabetics. 

F (48% increased relative, liver weight, fatty infiltration)... 

Dieldrin CNS effects (tremors convulsions, coma), nausea, vomiting Carcinogen (animal positive), liver damage (glycogen depletion, fatty infiltration, necrosis), kidney damage (fatty changes, necrosis)... 

---