Lithium discharge characteristics

Figure 35. Self-discharge characteristics of the CR17335SE lithium-manganese dioxide battery.

Lithium-nickel oxides form various lithium compounds, lithium hydroxides (LiOH), Li2C03, nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2), nickel carbonate (NiC03) and nickel oxide (NiO). Figure 51 shows the discharge characteristics of lithium-nickel oxides synthesized from these compounds. They were heat-treated at 850 °C for 20 h in air. Although the lithium nickel oxides showed a smaller discharge capacity than that of LiCo02, LiOH and Ni(OH)2 were considered to be appropi-ate raw materials. 

Figure 52. Discharge characteristics of some lithium-nickel oxides and LiCoO, (current density 0.25 mA cm2).

Fig. 8.5 Typical charge-discharge characteristics of a lithium-silicon electrode in a LiCl-KCl euiectic at 680 K. Current density = 40 mA/cm2. (By permission of the Journal of the Electrochemical Society as Fig 8,3.)...

Fig. 9.11 Projected discharge characteristics of a nominal 400 mAh lithium-iodine solid state cell. (By permission of Catalyst Research Corporation.)...

It was possible to improve the interfacial properties of Li metal anodes in liquid electrolyte solutions using additives that modify the Li-surface chemistry, such as C02 [23-27] and HF [28,29], Using PEO-based gel electrolyte systems effectively suppressed dendritic deposition of lithium [30], In Section C we report on a very good charge-discharge performance of lithium metal anodes in PVdF-HFP gel electrolyte systems. Furthermore, addition of C02 to the PVdF-HFP gel electrolyte system considerably improves the charge/discharge characteristics [31]. 

A major goal of the research on conducting polymers has been the development of a rechargeable plastic battery. Cells based on polypyrrole and lithium electrodes have been developed in which the energy per unit mass and discharge characteristics are comparable to nickel-cadmium cells. Current interest appears to center around stable, processable polymers, such as polythiophene and its derivatives, and polyaniline. 

Fig. 3 (A) Schematic of structures of various types of carbons that can insert lithium reversibly. (B) Charge and discharge characteristics of natural graphite powder (NG-7) at the first cycle in the 1 M LiC104/EC -I-DEC (1 1 vol/vol). (From Refl l)...

Size, weight, capacity, and power density are the primary selection considerations for batteries in externally powered prosthetic design applications. The most popular types of rechargeable batteries in use in prosthetics today are nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH), and lithium-ion (Li-ion). Li-ion is fast becoming the chemistry of choice because of its high capacity-to-size (weight) ratio and low self-discharge characteristic. 

M. Ishikawa, M. Morita, M. Asao, Y. Matsuda, J. Electrochem. Soc. 1994, 141, 1105-1108. Charge/discharge characteristics of carbon fiber with graphite structure in organic electrolytes containing hthium trifluoromethanesulfate and lithium hexafluorophosphate. 

In this chapter, lithium secondary batteries using conductive polymers as positive electrodes are discussed with particular attention to the charge-discharge characteristics, discharge capacity, self-discharge, cycling life and so on. 

N. Imanishi, H. Kashiwagi, T. Ichikawa, Y. Takeda, 0. Yamamoto, and M. Inagaki, Charge-discharge characteristics of mesophase-pitch-based carbon fibers for lithium cells, J. Electrochem. Soc., 140 [2], 315-320 (1993). 

Fig. 10.8 Typical charge/discharge characteristics of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCo02> positive electrode material. Charging corresponds to lithium deintercalation, and discharging refers to lithium intercalation...

Tobishima S, Ogino Y, Watanabe Y (2002) Effect of electrolyte additives to provide safely and discharge characteristics of lithium batteries. Electrochemistry 70 875... 

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