Listing of metrics

A good way to get a first list of metrics is to consider each customer need in turn. The team then thinks of ways in which these can be quantified and measured these will become the metrics. Ideally, there will be one metric per need, and this will be a measure that the designer can influence. This ideal is seldom possible you often need several metrics to describe a need, and a given metric may be important in describing several needs. Two additional points your metrics should be easily measured and not too expensive. They must cover the requirements of the market - requirements of retailers and authorities. 

The first list of metrics will look like that in Figure 6-4. Each metric has a number and a name. It will be associated with one or more needs. In this first list, need and specification numbers coincide, but later you may add or delete metrics. Note that some metrics have a straightforward unit. However, others may be given in terms of a list, or a binary (yes/no pass/fail). One of the units is given as subj or subjective this one is measured by a panel of users. You will want to avoid these, because it takes a long time to measure them. Some metrics have the unit RDA these use the Radioactive Dental Abrasion test, a standard test used in the toothpaste world. When such tests exist, you should use them. This makes comparison with measurements from others easier. Also it is often a large job to develop a test. The rank of a metric is determined by the rank of the need it describes - this may require some discussion in the team. 

It is important to check whether all needs are well described by the list of metrics. A matrix of needs and metrics as shown in Figure 6-5 can help. This would hardly be necessary for the very short list in the figure, but in real projects the matrix can be much larger. You can see at a glance whether specifications are missing or superfluous. 

The last chart, the list of specifications, is nothing but the list of metrics of your firm s own product, with the ranges of metrics values added (Figure 6-9). This is what you will use to guide our design. As said, the list is still only dreams and hopes. There is a lot of hard work ahead. 

A tidied up, grouped and ranked list of needs Lists of metrics and specifications (updated)... 

Given a process model, the following list of metrics to be used in quantifying the attributes of a process along the axes of the process characterization cube is proposed i.e., metrics for nonlinearity, (linear, SISO) dynamic complexity, and (linear) multivariable interaction. All of the proposed metrics have similar stmctures. Namely, the metrics are normed differences between an actual process attribute and some ideal reference, scaled by some maximum value. Therefore, all of the metrics have values between zero and one. Further equivalences between the metrics are discussed in section 3.3. 

A significant highlight in the arrangement modeling effort was a quantitative comparison of the 1-1-1, 2-2-2, 3-3-3, and 4-4-4 systems based on a list of metrics. The metrics encompassed the primary drivers for the system, including pressure drop, manufacturability, simplicity, and redundancy, among others. The quantitative comparison provided additional information to support the selection of the number of Braytons for Prometheus. 

Cellulose acetate, the second oldest synthetic fiber, is an important factor in the textile and tobacco industries 731,000 metric tons were produced worldwide in 1991 (Fig. 11) (74). Acetate belongs to the group of less expensive fibers triacetate is slightly more expensive. An annual listing of worldwide fiber producers, locations, and fiber types is pubHshed by the Fiber Economics Bureau, Inc. (74). 

The metric system, which is federally mandated and appears in the official listing of drugs in the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), is a logically organized system of measurement. It was first developed by the French. The basic units multiplied or divided by 10 comprise the metric system. Therefore, a knowledge of decimals, reviewed in Chapter 1, is useful for this system. 

Technique 1 Clustering of the Metric Matrix. The first step In evaluating the library was to separate It Into classes by explicitly scanning the printed list of compounds. At this point It became... 

Table I contains a list of some of the compounds that have been submitted to this type of analysis. The recovery data is intended to be illustrative only since recoveries depend strongly on several important method variables. Recoveries are expressed as a percentage of the amount added to organic free water. The purge time was 11-15 minutes with helium or nitrogen, the purge rate was 20 ml/minute at ambient temperature, and the trap was Tenax followed by Silica Gel. Data from the 5 ml sample was obtained with a custom made purging device and either flame ionization, microcoulo-metric, or electrolytic conductivity GC detectors. Data from the 25 ml sample was obtained with a Tekmar commercial liquid sample concentrator and a mass spectrometer GC detector using CRMS.

In a keynote address delivered at Informex 2003, Andrew Liveris, now CEO of Dow Chemical, presented a list of seven companies that would still be top players in 2006, namely, Akzo Nobei/Diosynth, Avecia, BASF, Degussa, DSM, Dowpharma, and Lonza. Implicitly, he predicted that Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cambrex, Clariant, and Rhodia Chirex would fail behind. The underlying metrics for the classification were not given [2]. 

First, here s a list of some common equivalences used when working with lengths. I cover the English and metric equivalences later, in Mixing It Up with Measures. ... 

The international system of units is described in detail in NIST Special Publication 81l,1 and lists of physical constants and conversions factors of selected unit conversions1 5 are given in the following tables. The conversions are presented in matrix format when all of the units are of a convenient order of magnitude. When some of the unit conversions are of tittle value (such as the conversion between metric tons and grains), tabular form is followed, with the less useful units omitted. 

There are a number of industrial process areas where surfactants are used and are important as the means by which the process succeeds. Table 1.6 has presented a fairly comprehensive list of industrial applications for surfactants. Surfactant consumption in the industrial area amounted to more than 4.3 million metric tonnes in 2000 and is shown regionally in Figure 1.13. Regionally, North America is the most important market consuming the largest volume of materials. 

The metric system is a decimal system, based on powers of 10. Table 2.5 is a list of the prefixes for the various powers of 10. Between scientific notation and the prefixes shown below, it is very simple to identify, name, read, and understand 36 decades of power of any given base or derived unit. 

These barriers and the problems they present are independent of each other for the most part, but occasionally they interact and overlap. In fact, a fourth barrier cuts across all of the other three the lack of a robust set of economic metrics to value hydrogen. For a full list of the barriers identified by forum participants, see Appendix B. 

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