Liquid filtration textiles

PPS fiber has excellent chemical resistance. Only strong oxidising agents cause degradation. As expected from inherent resia properties, PPS fiber is flame-resistant and has an autoignition temperature of 590°C as determined ia tests at the Textile Research Institute. PPS fiber is an excellent electrical iasulator it finds application ia hostile environments such as filter bags for filtration of flue gas from coal-fired furnaces, filter media for gas and liquid filtration, electrolysis membranes, protective clothing, and composites. 

As mentioned above in section 8.2 and listed in Tables 8.1 and 8.3, heat resistant, organic fibres have chemical structures that are little changed physically or chemically by short-term exposures to temperatures above the 200 and even the 300 °C levels and may be used continuously at temperatures as high as 150 °C. For technical textiles used in high temperature industrial processes, such as gas and liquid filtration, longterm exposures to temperatures of about 100-150 °C are often required. Typical properties of these fibres listed in Table 8.3 are shown in detail in Table 8.4. ... 

Major constituent of paper, cardboards, and textiles is the cellulose. Some of the products of cellulose are cellophane, rayon fiber, nitrocellulose, water-soluble adhesives, and binders. Powdered cellulose is used as inactive fillers in tablets and as a thickener and stabilizer in processed foods. In the laboratories, cellulose is used in TLCs as a stationary phase, liquid filtration, as highly hydrophilic and absorbent sponges. These days cellulose insulation made from recycled paper is becoming popular as an environment-fi-iendly material. On treatment with boric acid cellulose can be used as a fire retardant. 

Heat resistant fibres, however, are those having chemical structures that are little changed physically or chemically by temperatures above the 200°C, and even the 300°C, levels and, in the case of ceramic fibres, above 1000°C. For textiles used in high temperature industrial processes, such as gas and liquid filtration, long term exposure to temperatures of about 100°C is often required, but not all these fibres are used in thermally protective applications. However, in long term exposure thermally protective applications, we need to be able to define maximum service fife temperatures, and these are listed in Table 4.2 for selected heat resistant fibres. 

The field of filtration in its widest sense covers the capture of particles ranging in size from several millimetres down to the molecular scale. Table 71 provides an indication of the various particle size ranges, and where textile filter media fit into this picture. The industrial filtration processes on which the chapter will concentrate are separated into two broad sections, namely, the separation of solids from gases, more commonly referred to as dust collection, and the separation of solids from liquids, usually referred to as liquid filtration. 

High performance textiles for industrial filtration 245 Table 7.4 Fibres and their properties (liquid filtration)... 

The range of industrial applications to liquid filtration is very broad. Water purification is one of the most important applications in liquid filtration. The processes of water purification include microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO), depending on the size of the undesired particles/molecules to be removed. Some examples of industrial applications including fuel filters, water filters, carbon filter, and wet/dry filters are being widely used in the production of textile, cosmetics, food and beverage, electronic components, papers, ship builders, and oil and gas wells. 

Finetex EnE, Inc South Korea http //ftene.com/ PM, CS Technoweb series X, V, R, Pro and Filtrepro (air and liquid filtration), Technoweb C series (cosmetics), Finemask (facial mask), Nexture (technical textiles) Needle US7980838 Own design... 

A soft, gritty amorphous silica composed of minute siliceous skeletons of small aquatic plants. Used in filtration and decoloration of liquids, insulation, filler in dynamite, wax, textiles, plastics, paint, and rubber. Calcined and flux-calcined diatomaceous earth contains appreciable amounts of cristobalite, and dust levels should be the same as for cristobalite. 

An important application field for stainless steel fibers is the textile sector, in which 0., i to 6% of these fibers are incorporated to endow carpets, protective clothing etc. with an antistatic finish. A further application is protection against electromagnetic pulses, interference and charging. Tungsten fibers with a diameter of 12 pm are used for boron or SiC deposition and as light bulb filaments. Furthermore, metal fibers are used in the filtration of polymer melts and corrosive liquids, as well as for electrodes with high surface areas. 

In industry, sodium polyacrylate is used in filtration units that remove water from airplane and automotive fuel. It is also used as a thickening agent in coatings and adhesives used in the upholstery, drapery, carpet, paper, paint, wallpaper, printing, and textile industries. The compound is also used to thicken certain liquid products applied by spraying, such as cleaning products. Finally, it is sometimes used to prevent fluid loss in oil wells. 

Abstract Industrial filtration operations involving textile filter media are found in the production of countless items that we encounter in our everyday lives, and yet more operations are engaged in protecting the environment. The chapter attempts to provide a brief overview of the filtration mechanisms that are involved both in industrial dust collection and solid-liquid separation processes, and the equipment types that are engaged in each. The chapter also describes the types of textile filter media that are employed in the various operations, their component strengths and weaknesses, and some of the finishing treatments that are applied to enhance their efficiency. 

Hardman E (2000c), Textiles in filtration , in Horrocks AR and Anand SC,Handbook of Technical Textiles, Cambridge, Woodhead Publishing Limited, 348-350. Hardman E (1994), Some aspects of the design of filter fabrics in solid/liquid separation processes . Filtration and Separation, 31(8) 813-818. 

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