Liquid butane

Figure 3 Comparison of the densities (in g/cm ) of model compounds for membrane lipids computed from constant-pressure MD simulations with the coiTespondmg experimental values. The model compounds include solid octane and tricosane, liquid butane, octane, tetradecane, and eico-sane, and the glycerylphosphorylcholme, cyclopentylphosphorylcholme monohydrate, dilauroly-glycerol, anhydrous cholesterol, cholesterol monohydrate, and cholesterol acetate crystals. (Models from Refs. 18, 42, and 43).

The specific work done by a fluid in expansion is read from Figure 6.31 saturated liquid butane 21 MJ/m saturated butane vapor 2.5 MJ/m saturated liquid propane 30 MJ/m saturated propane vapor 8 MJ/m ... 

The density of liquid butane and propane is about half that of water, and as such is much lower than other liquid fuels. 

Bottled gas. These cylinders contain liquid propane (C3MB) and liquid butane (C4H10I... 

The fault was traced to a 10-in valve that had been prevented from closing the last 3/t-inch by a fine powder of carbon and iron oxide. When the flange was opened, this powder blew out, allowing liquid butane to be released. 

A tank containing liquid butane (C4H10) is located 500 ft from an electrical substation. One of the scenarios we are considering is the breaking of a 1-in schedule 40 pipe (internal diameter = 1.049 in) with discharge of the liquid butane. We are concerned that this leak will cause flammable vapor concentrations at the substation. Assume that all the liquid flashes to vapor. 

The temperature is 80°F and the ambient pressure is 1 atm. Make sure you clearly state any assumptions. The vapor pressure of liquid butane at 80°F is 40 psia, and the specific gravity of liquid butane at 80°F is 0.571. 

SAQ 10.1 The following data refer to the adsorption of butane at 0°C onto tungsten powder (area 16.7 m2g 1). Calculate the number of moles adsorbed in a monolayer, and hence the molecular area for the adsorbed butane (at monolayer coverage) and compare it with the value of 32 x 10 20 m2 estimated from the density of liquid butane. 

Deasphalting the removal of the asphaltene fraction from petrolenm by the addition of a low-boiling hydrocarbon liqnid snch as n-pentane or n-heptane more correctly, the removal asphalt (tacky, semisolid) from petroleum (as occurs in a refinery asphalt plant) by the addition of liqnid propane or liquid butane under pressnre. 

And of course, IPA is used as rubbing alcohol, because of its innocuous nontoxic odor, its low boiling (vaporization) temperature, and moderate heat of vaporization. It dries rapidly but wont give you frostbite like liquid butane might. 

A second process employing complex as the catalyst carrier was independently developed by the Standard Oil Co. (Indiana) and by The Texas Co. In this process (19,20), liquid butane containing make-up aluminum chloride and recycled hydrogen chloride is bubbled upward through a bed of preformed liquid complex about 20 feet in depth. Because the aluminum chloride in the feed is effectively transferred to the complex, catalyst carry-over in the reactor effluent is low and no recovery tower is needed. 

In this process, the liquid butane feed is employed first to recover aluminum chloride and antimony chloride from spent catalyst. This is accomplished in a scrubber, from which insoluble complex is continuously discarded. The butane stream then picks up recycled hydrogen chloride and enters the reactor, where mechanical agitation causes intimate contacting with an equal volume of catalyst. The undesirable complex formed in... 

From an economic standpoint the most important chemical reaction of the natural gas liquids (butane) is ... 

The vast majority of fractionators have top reflux. Cold liquid from the reflux drum is pumped onto the top tray of the tower. The cold liquid flashes to a hotter vapor. For example, let s say 1500 lb/h of liquid butane, at 100°F, flashes to 1500 lb/h of vapor at 260°F. 

Although, n-pentane and n-heptane are the solvents of choice in the laboratory other solvents can be used (Speight, 1979) and cause the separation of asphaltenes as brown-to-black powdery materials. In the refinery, supercritical low molecular weight hydrocarbons (e.g., liquid propane, liquid butane, or mixtures of both) are the solvents of choice and the product is a semisolid (tacky) to solid asphalt. The amount of asphalt that settles out of the paraffin/residuum mixture depends on the size of the paraffin, the temperature, and the paraffin-to-feedstock ratio (Figure 3-10) (Girdler, 1965 Mitchell and Speight, 1973 Corbett and Petrossi, 1978 Speight et al., 1984). 

Asphalt the nonvolatile product obtained by distillation and treatment of an asphaltic crude oil with liquid propane or liquid butane usually consists of asphaltenes, resins, and gas oil a manufactured product. 

Disposable cigarette lighters contain liquid butane, C4H10. Butane undergoes complete combustion to carbon dioxide gas and water vapour according to the skeleton equation below ... 

Taft Liquid butane Sparks from a transformer... 

P. J. Daivis and D. J. Evans, Transport Coefficients of Liquid Butane near the Boiling Point by Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics, J. Chem. Phys. 

Because of its asphyxiant properties, high doses of inhaled butane can affect the central nervous system and lead to a variety of symptoms. These include euphoria, excitation, vomiting, confusion, hallucinations, drowsiness, and coma. Skin contact with liquid butane can cause frostbite. 

Demonstrate this by estimating the surface area of the silica gel sample from the n-butane curve in Fig. 8-4 (multiply the ordinate of the n-butane curve by 10). The density of liquid butane at 0°C is 0.601 g/cm. ... 

Finally, as clarification of the term liquid gas , the condensation of butane can be repeated as before (see E3.6). The result is a large drop of liquid butane in presence of gaseous butane. It is important to point out that like in the butane pump - both liquid and gaseous butane can be found together in lighters and camping gas cartridges, the commonly called liquid gas does not exist. It is also possible to interpret these phenomena by equilibria between liquid and gas. 

Problem Students are probably aware of butane lighters and call the butane liquid gas - although they have observed the liquid butane and the gaseous... 

Procedure Open and fill a gas liquefying pump with butane from the cartridge through replacement of the air. Attach the piston, press strongly into the pressure-resistant test tube and lock it in place. Release the lock again and observe the piston. If one touches the tube with evaporating liquid butane, one can feel a cooling effect. Repeat this procedure several times. 

Observation A large drop of liquid is formed during the compression of the gas liquid butane. When the lock is released, the piston moves out of the tube and the liquid drop turns completely into gaseous butane, the same gas volume as before is to be seen. During evaporation is observed a cooling effect, the temperature of the liquid butane decreases. 

The piston is pressed by hand and liquid butane appears. The piston can be released and liquid butane turns into gaseous butane. 

If an intermediate resin fraction is desired, another separator and stripper system would be installed right after the asphaltene separator in figure 7.5. To recover a resin fraction, the overhead solution from the asphaltene separator, which now consists of butane, resins, and light oils, is heated to near the critical temperature of butane. At this elevated, near-critical temperature the solvent power of compressed liquid butane decreases and the resins precipitate from solution. The overhead stream from this separator consists of light oils dissolved in near-critical liquid butane. 

The temperatures at which the vapor pressures of the following liquids are all 100 torr are given. Predict the order of increasing boiling points of the liquids. Butane, C4H[q, —44.2°C 1-butanol, C4H[qO, 70.UC diethyl ether, C4H10O, -11.5°C. 

Butane-Butylene grades Commercial grade liquid butane is predominantly butane and/ or butylene mixtures that are used as fuels in industrial applications or as residential fuels. 

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