Lipids/fats

Lipids Fats and oils Energy storage (reserve fuel) Vegetable oils, animal fats, cholesterol, hormones 1-30... 

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are water-soluble substances and thereby penetrate the outermost epidermal skin layers. In contrast, beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) are lipid (fat) soluble and are capable of penetrating to the underlying layers of skin (the dermis) located 1-5 mm below the surface of the skinJ2 Most AHAs are derived from plant materials and marine sources. Commonly used AHAs include malic acid (found in apples), ascorbic acid (a common ingredient in numerous fruits), glycolic acid (a constituent of sugar cane), lactic acid (a component of milk), citric acid (naturally abundant in citrus fruits), and tartatic acid (found in red wine). A common BHA is salicylic acid (an ingredient in aspirin). 

Adipose tissue Fat tissue making up about 10% of the adult body weight but with a different distribution between males and females it consists of clusters of adipocytes which synthesise and store lipids (fats). 

One study of people who used sibutramine for two years (although the FDA only approved one year of use) showed one possibly positive effect of this drug continued weight maintenance. In this study, over 80% of people who took sibutramine for two years kept their weight constant. Along with the maintained weight loss, researchers also found that patients were able to decrease the lipid (fat) in their bloodstream, which has beneficial effects on the health of the heart. 

A host of biological compounds (e.g., proteins, amino acids, lipids, fats, fatty acids, DNA, RNA, antibodies, enzymes) have been studied via SERS. The extensive progress in the development of dependable SERS substrates over the past few decades has promoted the application of SERS in the rapidly expanding field of biotechnology, as is demonstrated in several... 

DNA (2-deoxyribonucleic acid), nucleotides, RNA (ribonucleic acid), lipids, fats, oils, waxes... 

Several types of lipids may be familiar to you. Fats, oils, and some waxes are examples of lipids. Fats are lipids that contain a glycerol molecule, bonded by ester linkages to three long-chain carboxylic acids. Oils have the same structure as fats, but are classified as being liquid at room temperature, while fats are solids at room temperature. Waxes are esters of long-chain alcohols and long-chain carboxylic acids. 

Toxicologists classify hepatic toxicants according to the type of injuries they produce. Some cause accumulation of excessive and potentially dangerous amounts of lipids (fats). Others can kill liver cells they cause cell necrosis. Cholestasis, which is decreased secretion of bile leading to jaundice (accumulation of gruesome looking pigments that impart a yellowish color to the skin and eyes) can be... 

Lipids Fats Waxes 1 Oils 1 Hydrocarbons J r RCH2OH RCOOH RCH2CH2COOH + CH2OHCHOHCH2OH shorter ohain aoids fatty acids giyceroi j pQj-jj 1, RH CO2, CH4, aliphatic acids, acetic, lactic, citric, glycolic, malic, palmitic, stearic, oleic acids, carbohydrates, hydrocarbons... 

The word liposome comprises two terms (from Greek—lipid [fat] and soma [body]). It does not in itself denote any size characteristics. Furthermore, the term liposome does not necessarily mean that it must contain lipophobic contents, such as water, although it usually does. The vesicles may be conceived as microscopic (or nano-sized) containers of carrying molecules (drugs) from one place to another. The structures are suitable for both transporting water-soluble or water-insoluble drugs. Since the lipids used are biocompatible molecules, this may also enhance their adsorption and penetration into the cells. 

Figure 2.1 The cell membrane consists mainly of lipids (fats), proteins, and carbohydrates in the form of a lipid bilayer. The two lipid layers face each other inside the membrane, and the water-soluble phosphate groups of the membrane face the watery contents inside the cell (the cytoplasm) and outside the cell (the interstitial fluid).

Alcohol, taken orally, is absorbed in the stomach but mostly from the small intestine into the bloodstream. It first reaches the liver, where some alcohol is immediately metabolized (first-pass metabolism) by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. Alcohol is a water-soluble chemical and distributes throughout body fluids but not readily into body fat. Females, who naturally have more lipid (fat) tissue per pound of mass, will have a higher BAG than males after consuming the same amount of alcohol. 

Phytoplankton at the ocean surface maintain the fluidity of their cell membranes by altering their lipid (fat) composition when the temperature changes. When the ocean temperature is high, plankton synthesize relatively more 37 2 than 37 3.35... 

Radicals occur naturally in the body, partly as a by-product of metabolism. They serve many useful functions hut can also cause trouble if they are not eliminated when they are no longer needed. They often contain oxygen atoms and oxidize the lipid (fat)... 

Foods differ in their energy value, which is usually expressed in kilocalories or kilojoules, with proteins and carbohydrates having less caloric value than fats (lipids). Fats... 

Benzodiazepines are highly lipid (fat) soluble— they are stored in body fat and may be toxic if taken in large amounts. They also easily cross the blood-brain barrier and rapidly travel into the CNS. Tolerance builds rapidly to the sedative and the euphoric effects of the... 

Ackman, R.G. (1983). Marine lipids. Fats for the future. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Oils, Fats and Waxes , pp.1-15. Duromark Publishing, Auckland. 

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