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Lipid A tolerance

Important questions have to be answered to facilitate the definition of protocols for humans. For example, is the lipid A tolerance of... [Pg.547]

Lipid A can induce a state of hyporesponsiveness to its own effects (or to LPS) in animals or humans. This effect is called LPS tolerance and by... [Pg.521]

In vitro, mouse as well as human monocytes/macrophages can be tolerized to lipid A [50-52], The in vitro induced tolerance lasts one or two days during which the CD14 receptor is not down-regulated [52-54], Uncoupling of the CD 14 receptor to downstream signaling pathways, or a specific blockade of the transduction, is unlikely to occur as explained... [Pg.522]

Lipids A are also used in therapeutic cancer vaccination to cure tumors. In this case, lipids A are used as adjuvants, e.g. administered simultaneously with tumor extracts or tumor antigens, to increase the immunogenicity of the vaccine or to inhibit the tumor-induced tolerance. [Pg.537]

The low response of cancer patients to LPS treatments may be due to low maximal tolerated dose (MTD), 4 ng/kg. In order to avoid this problem, several trials were performed with lipids A. [Pg.540]

Several lipids A have been tested in cancer patients MPLA, SDZ MRL 953, and ONO-4007 were injected i.v. in phase I trials. The maximal tolerated dose found is lower than or close to the optimal dose defined in animals. Humans are more sensitive to lipid A than rodents so it is possible that similarly to the toxic dose, the effective dose is lower in humans than in animals. [Pg.548]

Aryloxyphenoxypropanoates and cyclohexanediones are herbicidal to most monocotyledons but not to dicotyledons. A comparison between a susceptible species, barley (Hordeum vulgare), and a tolerant species, soybean (Glycine max) showed that haloxyfop was effective in reducing lipid biosynthesis in barley but not in soybean leaf discs (Table I). [Pg.260]

Lipids. Dinitroaniline herbicides are effective on small-seeded, lipid-poor species. Hilton and Christiansen (7) examined the level of seed lipid and the susceptibility of a plant to trifluralin and found a good correlation between the two. These authors concluded that the herbicides would be compartmentalized into the lipid bodies of the seed and away from the growing tip of the plant. Upadhyaya and Nooden (8) even found that there is a differential between susceptible and tolerant species in the uptake of oryzalin into the membrane system, indicating that more than the seed lipids may be involved in determining dinitroaniline sensitivity. Chernicky (9) investigated the possibilities that alterations in the amount of lipid is involved in the resistance of Eleusine to dinitroaniline herbicides. Both susceptible (S) and resistant (R) biotypes had less total lipid than tolerant crop species and even most sensitive weed species. The S biotype had actually 36% more total lipid in the roots than the R biotype (a result opposite to what one would expect if higher lipid content correlates dinitroaniline resistance). [Pg.365]

To detennine whedier die same genes control fatty acid composition in die seed oil and in polar lipids of different tissues, we compared die overall fatty acid composition of seeds, roots and leaves (Table 1, Table 2). Deficiencies in C18 2 and C18 3 desaturation were not restricted to (he seeds. The mutations were also expressed in roots and leaves. Modifications of leave lipids were low in comparison to roots indicating changes in extrachlorplast lipids. A substantial reduction of C18 3 and concomitant increase of C18 2 was observed in die roots of all low C18 3 mutants. For membrane function diis substitution of C18 3 by C18 2 seems to be tolerated Goe 9 and cv. Apollo have no deficiencies in plant development and they are high yielding. [Pg.317]

Quantification of lipids by ESI-MS through a lipidomic approach is an interdisciplinary task that largely determines the amounts of intact individual species in a biological sample based on the selected internal standard(s) and a normalizer (although other relative measurements are also used (see below)). Unfortunately, the measurements of the contents of both the internal standard and the normalizer contain experimental errors. These errors impact the lipid quantification. Collectively, by this approach for lipidomic analysis, the amounts of individual lipid species in a selected sample size can be determined if appropriate internal standards are added prior to extraction with a tolerant experimental error, in which correction for any bias in extraction recovery, molecular species-dependent ionization efficiencies, and other factors is considered within a variation of 10%. [Pg.307]

Combos Z, Wada H, Murata N. The recovery of photosynthesis from low-temperature photoinhibition is accelerated by the unsaturation of membrane lipids a mechanism of chilling tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994 in press. [Pg.7]

In the event Koenigs-Knorr coupling of 57 or 58 produced 59 in good yield. Comparison with lipid A, 56, shows that differentiation between the three acety-lated sites of 54 would be necessary for a more useful precursor. Deacetylation with base would not be tolerated by the TCP group but acid-catalyzed deacetylation was successful and benzyUdination led to the more attractive coimterpart with the five critieal sites being differentially accessible. With respect to the protected amines, treatment with ethylenediamine liberated one and iodine the other, giving 61 and 62 respectively [34]. [Pg.151]

Aromatase inhibitors are relatively well tolerated however have a number of distinct side effects are observed that stem from the state of estrogen deprivation induced by aromatase inhibitors. Side effects include hot flashes, joint and muscle aches, vasomotor symptoms and vaginal dryness. Variable effects of aromatase inhibitors on lipid levels have been observed. Trials comparing third generation aromatase inhibitors to tamoxifen have also repotted an increased risk of cardiovascular events in the group receiving aromatase inhibitors. [Pg.221]

Hydrolysis of substrates is performed in water, buffered aqueous solutions or biphasic mixtures of water and an organic solvent. Hydrolases tolerate low levels of polar organic solvents such as DMSO, DMF, and acetone in aqueous media. These cosolvents help to dissolve hydrophobic substrates. Although most hydrolases require soluble substrates, lipases display weak activity on soluble compounds in aqueous solutions. Their activity markedly increases when the substrate reaches the critical micellar concentration where it forms a second phase. This interfacial activation at the lipid-water interface has been explained by the presence of a... [Pg.133]


See other pages where Lipid A tolerance is mentioned: [Pg.521]    [Pg.522]    [Pg.522]    [Pg.521]    [Pg.522]    [Pg.522]    [Pg.257]    [Pg.163]    [Pg.201]    [Pg.266]    [Pg.523]    [Pg.525]    [Pg.529]    [Pg.535]    [Pg.536]    [Pg.549]    [Pg.111]    [Pg.111]    [Pg.114]    [Pg.192]    [Pg.83]    [Pg.96]    [Pg.241]    [Pg.462]    [Pg.215]    [Pg.411]    [Pg.253]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.545]    [Pg.43]    [Pg.123]    [Pg.286]    [Pg.168]    [Pg.169]    [Pg.692]    [Pg.693]    [Pg.697]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.521 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.28 , Pg.521 ]




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Lipid A tolerance by anti-LPS antibodies

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