Sulfonated linear poly

In a related application, polyelectrolyte microgels based on crosslinked cationic poly(allyl amine) and anionic polyfmethacrylic acid-co-epoxypropyl methacrylate) were studied by potentiometry, conductometry and turbidimetry [349]. In their neutralized (salt) form, the microgels fully complexed with linear polyelectrolytes (poly(acrylic acid), poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide), and polystyrene sulfonate)) as if the gels were themselves linear. However, if an acid/base reaction occurs between the linear polymers and the gels, it appears that only the surfaces of the gels form complexes. Previous work has addressed the fundamental characteristics of these complexes [350, 351] and has shown preferential complexation of cationic polyelectrolytes with crosslinked car-boxymethyl cellulose versus linear CMC [350], The departure from the 1 1 stoichiometry with the non-neutralized microgels may be due to the collapsed nature of these networks which prevents penetration of water soluble polyelectrolyte. 

Varoqui R, Tran Q, Pefferkorn E. Polycation-polyanion complexes in the linear diblock copolymer of poly(styrene sulfonate) poly(2-vinylpyridinium) salt. Macromolecules 1979 12 831-835. 

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate Poly-Tergent SL-62 Coconut amide Color, fragrance, etc. 

In blends of PPESK and sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK), both methanol permeability and proton conductivity increase nonlinearly with increasing content of PEEK. Sulfonated PAES copolymers obtained from sulfonated 4,4 -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4 -dichlorodiphenyl sulf-one and phenolphthalein have been tested with respect to their use for direct methanol fuel cell application. The proton conductivity increases linearly with the degree of sulfonation, but the methanol permeability increases linearly up to 20 mol-% sulfonated monomer content. Above this level, a sudden increase in permeability is observed. This effect is referred to as percolation threshold. 

S. Matsumura, A.R. Hlil, C. Lepiller, J. Gaudet, D. Guay, A.S. Hay, lonomers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells with sulfonic acid groups on the end groups Novel linear aromatic poly(sulfide-ketone)s. Macromolecules 2007, 41(2), 277-280. 

Schauer J, Brozova L. Heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes based on sulfonated poly(l,4-phenylene sulfide) and linear polyethylene preparation, oxidation stability, methanol permeability and electrochemical properties. J Membr Sci 2005 250(l-2) 151-7. 

Li et al. [181] reported branched sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)s (Br-SPEEK) using various amounts of l,3,5-ira(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene as the branching agent. The structure of the Br-SPEEK is shown in Scheme 2.48. The proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the Br-SPEEK were measured and compared with the linear analogue and with Nation 117. 

Poly(phenylene sulfide-phenyleneamine-phenyleneamine) (PPSAA), 23 709 Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS), 10 201-202 23 639, 702, 704 highly sulfonated, 23 719-720 high molecular weight, 23 714 linear perfluorinated, 23 706 powder coatings, 7 41 Poly(phenylene sulfide) composites, 26 764... 

Examples are the sulfonating of polyethylene film with chloro-sulfonic acid (60) the sulfonating of sheets of phenolformaldehyde resin (77) the treatment of a film consisting of polystyrene and polyvinylchloride with concentrated sulfuric acid (4) the sulfonating of films consisting of aliphatic vinylpolymers with chlorosulfonic acid (125) the sulfonating of copolymers of a monovinyl- and a polyvinyl compound (30). Also are used copolymers of aromatic monovinyl-compounds and linear aliphatic polyene hydrocarbons (3) copolymers of an unsaturated aromatic compound and an unsaturated aliphatic compound (76), and of reaction products of poly olefines and partially polymerized styrene (173). 

Different TPs have been used to modify thermosets, such as poly(ether sulfone) (PES), polysulfone (PSF), poly(ether ketone) (PEK), polyether imide (PEI), poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), linear polyimides, polyhydan-toin, etc. (Stenzenberger et al., 1988 Pascal et al., 1990, 1995 Pascault and Williams, 2000). 

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