Line transposition

Effect of line transposition on statistical overvoltage distribution curves. 

The figure clearly shows that there is no significant difference between the untransposed and transposed lines. The observation is the same as that made for the closing surge case. As far as the surge overvoltage or line insulation is concerned, the effect of line transposition is not significant. 

Effect of line transposition on a fault surge-fault circuit voltage, (a) A 500 kV model circuit, (b) Untransposed line, (c) Transposed line. 

Effect of line transposition-sound circuit voltage, (a) Untransposed, (b) Transposed. 

Characteristic of a Fault Initiation Surge 2.3.2.1 Effect of Line Transposition... 

Figure 2.32 shows the effect of line transposition on the fault-clearing overvoltage. It is observed in both untransposed and transposed lines that the maximum overvoltage reaches higher than 2 pu, which is greater by about 0.6 pu than the fault initiation overvoltages observed in Figure 2.28. The line...

Transposing the overhead communication lines, i.c. reversing the respective positions of the two sides of the lines every I km or so, to avoid continuous parallelism (due to electrostatic and electromagnetic inductions), as illustrated in Figure 23,8.. See also Section 28.8.4(3) on phase transposition. 

It is also cumbersome to arrange a bus system with phase transposition. This technique has therefore not found many applications in a bus system. It is more useful in dealing with inductive interference in communication lines (Section 23.5.2(C)). 

There are two tools commonly used for performing data transpositions in SAS PROC TRANSPOSE, and a DATA step with ARRAY statements. PROC TRANSPOSE is a powerful tool that flips a data set with just a few lines of SAS code. On the other hand, DATA steps that employ arrays for data transposition are more flexible, in that they allow for more precise control of the transposition process. We will now examine PROC... 

Figure 2-3 shows an example spreadsheet. Cells A3 C4 contain the elements of the 2x3 matrix A. In order to perform the matrix transposition cells E3 F5, which will contain the result, A1, have to be pre-selected. Next =TRANSPOSE(A3 C4) is typed on the Excel command line followed by the SHIFT+CTRL+ENTERl key combination. 

In vitro baculovirus production can also be affected by the cell line. Polyhedra production yield can vary between different tissues within the same host as well as in different cell lines. Furthermore, the cell line itself may be a source of viral instability in the form of transposon-mediated mutagenesis (Fraser et al., 1985). (Transposons are sequences of DNA that can move around to different positions within the genome, a process called transposition. In the process, they can cause mutations, and change the amount of DNA in the genome.)... 

All of the mammalian transposable elements that have been characterized to date seem to be the result of transpositions that proceeded through an RNA intermediate. This process is known as retrotransposition or retroposition. Three classes of these retrotransposable elements are known in mammals (1) SINEs, or short interspersed repeated sequences such as the human Alu family and rodent Bl (2) LINEs, or long interspersed repeated sequences such as LI in a variety of mammalian species and (3) retrovirus-like elements, such as THE 1 in humans and mys and IAP in rodents. Retrovirus-like elements have long terminal repeats (LTRs) that often surround two open reading frames (ORFs) like those of retroviruses, but they lack the ability to leave one cell and enter another. LINEs also have two ORFs, but have no LTRs. SINEs have no LTRs and no ORFs. Transposition of all of these elements must involve reverse transcription of the RNA intermediate in some cases the required reverse transcriptase is apparently encoded by the element itself. 

In Section 4.2 we have shown that stochastic models present a good adaptability to numerical solving. In the opening line we asserted that it is not difficult to observe the simplicity of the numerical transposition of the models based on poly stochastic chains (see Section 4.1.1). As far as recursion equations describe the model, the numerical transposition of these equations can be written directly, without any special preparatives. 

Due to the nature of the checksums, the Proofreader will not catch all errors. Since l-l-3 + 5 = 3 + l-t-5, the Proofreader cannot catch errors of transposition. Thus, the Proofreader will not notice if you type GOTO 385 where you mean GOTO 835. In fact, you could type in the line in any order and the Proofreader wouldn t notice. The Proofreader should help you catch most typing mistakes, but keep this in mind if a program that checks out with the Proofreader still seems to have errors. 

---