Overvoltage distribution

The case of 50 mH source inductances at both end, (a), shows that the highest maximum overvoltage 1.56 pu occurs at the middle of the line, and the overvoltage decreases symmetrically toward the ends of the lines. The reason for the earlier condition is estimated that the positive reflected waves from both ends arrive at the middle of the line at the same instance and are superposed. 

When an infinite source is connected to the right-hand side of the line, the highest overvoltage 1.56 pu same as case (a) appears at the right-hand side rather than the middle of the line. This is due to the asymmetry of the circuit, that is, the electrical center being shifted to the right of the line. 

Effect of line transposition on a fault surge-fault circuit voltage, (a) A 500 kV model circuit, (b) Untransposed Kne. (c) Transposed line. 

Overvoltage distribution along the line, (a) Fault at the middle, (b) Fault at the 1/4 point. 

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Effect of earth resistivity on statistical overvoltage distribution curves. 

Effect of closing resistors on statistical overvoltage distribution curves, (a) Closing surges, (b) Reclosing surges (initial charge 0.5, 0.5, -0.5 pu). 

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