Scan line method

It is possible to extend the line scanning method to two-dimensional scanning. In its simplest form, the display is made bright every time an X-ray photon is counted, thus generating a image of bright dots. The dot density provides a qualitative measure of the concentration of the element of interest. 

Line-scan methods using selective excitation... 

Fig. 5.4.2 [Ljul] Trajectories in k space, (a) Line-scan method, (b) Back-projection method, (c) Modified back-projection method, (d) Fourier imaging, (e) Echo-planar imaging.

Use of a line focus or line scan If the laser spot is defocused in to a line which is optically coparallel with the spectrograph slit or if a line scan method is employed, this reduces the probability of laser damage without any loss in intensity. This method is that which is most commonly used for measurements on MR-heads. 

Analysis by the Detection of X-rays or y rays. EPMA is a fully qualitative and quantitative method of non-destructive analysis of micrometre-sized volumes at the surface of materials, with sensitivity at the level of ppm. All elements from Be to U can be analysed, either in the form of point analysis, from line scans and also as X-ray distribution maps. Current software allows the combination of elemental data in the latter, so that, for example, the digital data for those elements that corresponds to a selected phase will produce an X-ray map of the distribution of that phase in a given microstructure. 

To avoid any flicker in the image, the electron beam is scanned across and down the screen, many times per second, following a predetermined set of parallel lines, the method being known as raster scanning. The phosphor dots are the picture elements or pixels and light up as the beam scans across each one. In colour televisions and monitors additive mixing of the three colours of red, green and blue produces the... 

By calculating an average Raman spectrum from a line scan over the long axis of yeast cells a differentiation of single yeast cells on a species and strain level can be performed [110, 111]. The application of Raman spectroscopy in combination with a supervised classification method allows for the identification of single yeast cells in a large data set [69]. 

IR spectroscopy is one of the oldest spectroscopic measurements used to identify and quantify materials in on-line or near-line industrial and environmental applications. Traditionally, for analyses in the mid-IR, the technologies used for the measurement have been limited to fixed wavelength NDIR filter-based methods and scanning methods based on either grating or dispersive spectrophotometers or interferometer-based FTIR instruments. The last two methods have tended to be used more for instruments that are resident in the laboratory, whereas filter instruments have been used mainly for process, field-based and specialist applications, such as combustion gas monitoring. 

A faster and more accurate method of measuring integrated intensity exploits the integrating property of the scaler. In Fig. 7-24 the shaded area P is the integrated intensity of the diffraction line shown. Select two counter positions 20i and 202, well into the background on either side of the line. Scan from 20j to 202, the scaler being started at the beginning of the scan and stopped at the end. Let the time required for this scan be / and the number of counts accumulated be Npg this number is proportional to the sum of the areas P and B. Then count for a time tjl at 20, and for a time tjl at 202. Let the total count accumulated... 

A line-scan of the illumination laser light has been used to enhance the scan rate, at least compared to the point-by-point scan [18, 21-25]. It remains compatible with a spectral acquisition of high resolution, since total fluorescence from the linear region can be projected onto the slit of an imaging polychromator. A CCD camera at the exit port records the fluorescence intensity as a function of the spatial coordinate and the wavelength in the two-dimensional sensitive area of the camera. This method... 

The synthesized TiBj-Cu FGM samples were longitudinally cut, polished and observed with SEM. The distributions of element Ti and Cu were line-scanned and area-scanned with EDX. The densities of layers were measured with image-analysis method. 

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