Lifecycle assessment applications

Guillen-Gosalbez, G., Caballero, 1. A., limenez, L. (2008). Application of lifecycle assessment to the structural optimization of process flowsheets. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 47,777-789. 

Judge, R.C.B., Application of a method for assessing probability of graphite core brick failure. In Proceedings of the IAEA Specialists Meeting on Graphite Moderator Lifecycle Behavior, IAEA-TECHDOC-901, IAEA, Vienna, 1996. pp. 117 124. 

Facility System Safety (FSS), which is the application of system safety concepts to the facility acquisition process, has recently gained acceptance throughout the Department of Defense and most recently within the Department of Army with the conception of SAFEARMY 1990. The Army s goal is to fully integrate the total system safety, human factors, and health hazard assessments into continuous comprehensive evaluation of selected systems and facilities. The Chemical Research Development and Engineering Center (CRDEC) has mandated appropriate levels of system safety throughout the lifecycle of facility development for many reasons. These include ... 

All other scorecard items stem directly from lifecycle analysis assessment theory (32). For some impact types, quantitative norms can be stated. For stratospheric ozone layer depletion components, the emission norm is zero. This means in practice that components such as CFCs and SF6 should not be used at all, not even in contained technical applications, because containment over the lifecycle cannot be ensured. 

The Functional Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (Functional FMEA) or Functional Failure Analysis (as it is usually called in the USA) is typically performed to support safety analysis efforts early in the lifecycle and intended for iterative application. It tries to find all hypothetical failure modes to the defined functions of the considered system and assesses the operational effect thereof. That way functional failure modes that may be eliminated/mitigated by functional level design changes can be found, the confidence in the overall design concept is strengthened and areas requiring risk reduction can be identified. 

The assessment should cover the proposed normal use of the product and treated material if applicable. In addition, the realistic worst-case scenarios should include reasonably foreseeable misuse, such as ingestion by a child, but not accidents or attempted suicides). It should also include relevant production and disposal issues for both the product and treated material. Therefore, the risk assessment should cover the entire the lifecycle of the product. 

Monitoring will begin prior to construction in order to develop a baseline against which to judge any changes that occur throughout die lifecycle of the plant. The collation of baseline data is required as part of an environmental impact assessment to support an application for planning consent. 

The safety lifecycle application in the CCPS version was based on the initial version of lEC 61508. The safety lifecycle application in the PIP version was based on ANSI/ISA-S84.01-1996. The safety lifecycle example herein is based on ISA-84.01-2004. As a result, the evolution of new design requirements can be assessed by comparing this example with previous versions. 

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